Abstract Examples
Tiziani S, Vodovotz Y. Rheological characterization of a novel functional food: Tomato juice with soy germ. J Agric Food Chem 2005.
The rheological properties of tomato juice containing 1.5% soy germ were compared to plain tomato juice with and without soy protein isolate. This novel product was developed to provide a delivery system of carotenoids, soy protein, and significant isoflavone content without compromising the perceived juice characteristics of the tomato product. Rheological tests depicted physical gel characteristics for all three products. Dynamic tests as a function of temperature showed that the stability and the compatibility between tomato juice and soy germ were higher as compared to soy protein isolate. The hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between pectin and protein in the tomato soy protein isolate system were weakened as the temperature was increased. In the case of tomato juice with soy germ, the viscosity did not change during heating. The addition of soy germ increased the viscosity of tomato juice reinforcing the entire system without major qualitative effects on the rheological properties of plain tomato juice.
Tiziani S, Vodovotz Y. Rheological effects of soy protein addition to tomato juice. Food Hydrocolloids 2005.
The rheological properties of tomato juice containing 1% soy protein were compared to standard tomato juice. Shear thinning behavior was observed by steady-shear flow experiments for both tomato juices with and without soy. Addition of soy protein significantly affected the rheological time-dependent behavior of tomato juice. In the case of plain juice, a slight thixotropic behavior was observed. The tomato juice with added soy exhibited a thixotropic behavior at low shear rates followed by a transition to rheopectic behavior at higher shear rates. Dynamic tests indicated a physical gel behavior for both samples. The addition of soy protein increased the dynamic modulus values, suggesting an enhanced aggregation between pectins and soy protein leading to increased stability of the suspension, without major qualitative effects on the gel-like behavior. The application of a modified Cox and Merz rule indicated the complexity of the colloidal products. Rheological measurements suggest that rearrangements of the soy protein, when subjected to different shear rates, influenced the colloidal interactions with tomato particles and reinforced the network structure and the stability of the overall tomato system.
