First published in the OSU Bio Museum Blog on 2015-08-31, minor corrections.
Visitors touring the Triplehorn Insect Collection are invariably drawn to the biggest, longest, most colorful creatures that we have among our four million specimens. Giant walking sticks, Goliath beetles, white witch moths, and birdwing butterflies are a sure hit with visitors of all ages. One question that usually follows that exhilarating experience is … “Are these from Ohio?” And, unfortunately, we have to say that no, those enormous and colorful insects come from tropical forests in Africa or South America or elsewhere.
That is not to say, though, that there aren’t plenty of interesting and very striking insects in Ohio. In fact, there are plenty of cool insects right in our own backyards, many of them still poorly known or even completely unknown to science.
Here are just a few examples of the insect fauna that I found in my urban backyard in the past few weeks.
Bees & bee nests
During Spring, carpenter bees and bumble bees are very busy building their nests and collecting pollen. Well, that’s true of the female bees, anyway. The male carpenter bees are far too worried about patrolling their territory and checking out everything that comes along, all in the hope of finding a female that might be susceptible to their charms. Not to worry: the males are harmless, and you’d practically have to grab hold of a female before she would think of stinging.
Under a clay pot that was left leaning against a wall, a queen bumble bee has dug a hole into the soil where she’s starting her own colony. The same sort of gardening accessories are also great places for spiders to build their webs and for insects to hide away their eggs from predators.
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- Clay pottery left in the backyard over the winter serves as perfect shelter for bumble bee nest.
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- I was not fast enough to snap a photo of the bumble bee entering the nest. But trust me, she’s there!
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- Upside down clay pots left in the backyard over the winter now house spider webs and insect eggs.
Wasp nests
A mud-nesting solitary wasp found the perfect place to build her nest among the wrinkles of a deteriorating plastic cover on an old outdoor fireplace in our yard. This might be a mud dauber or perhaps a potter wasp nest. Either way, the mother wasp builds the nest using soft mud, then goes hunting for caterpillars or other insects. The prey – stung into a state of suspended animation – is stuffed into the nest accompanied by a single wasp egg. The larva that later hatches will feed on the living prey and develop into a new flying adult wasp.
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- Solitary wasp nest in the shape of a tube. The female wasp builds the next with soft clay.
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- The fragile nest broke in two when I moved the plastic.
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- Notice the empty cocoon.
Insect eggs (my all time favorite)
The most exciting finds for me are insect eggs. Sometimes the eggs are parasitized and produce the little wasps that are my object of study. Here on our screen door I found the eggs of an assassin bug. Each egg is like a small piece of art in itself each with a beautiful ornate crown. I’ve been watching carefully to see if assassin bug nymphs will emerge or if the eggs will produce any of my parasitic wasps.
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- A tiny mass of assassin bug eggs on the screen door almost goes unnoticed.
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- Notice the beautiful architecture of the assassin bug eggs.
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- Assassin bug egg mass contains around a dozen eggs neatly glued together and to the substrate.
Ants
When I rolled over a log, I found a number of Lasius interjectus. These bright yellow ants are commonly called “citronella ants.” If you disturb them, they respond by releasing a bouquet of repellent chemicals that smell like lemon or the citronella candles used to repel mosquitoes. These ants are farmers: they maintain underground “herds” of aphids or mealybugs. These “cows” feed on the fluids in plant roots and excrete a sweet honeydew that the ants love.
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- A small log resting over a bed of leaf litter holds a surprise: a colony of ants!
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- Citronella ants under a log in the backyard.
Here’s a quick video of the citronella ants. They are very cute!
Beetle larvae
I love looking for insects on, in, and under dead trees. Recently I found quite a number of very slick and shiny beetle larvae beneath the bark of a large dead tree near our house. I actually don’t know what kind of beetles they are, but I am hoping my buddies who study beetles will be able to identify them. And who knows, maybe I found something entirely new?!
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- Small patch of trees and shrubs in our neighborhood.
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- Rotting log & leaf litter, perfect habitat for many insects.
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- Close-up of the log, with bark poke-marked by insect burrows.
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- Multiple beetle larvae found under the bark of a rotting log.
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- Close up of one of the beetle larvae found under the bark of a rotting log.
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- Close-up of a smaller beetle larva found under the bark of a rotting log.
When disturbed the larvae move deeper into the soft wood.
I have a lot more photos and videos of local insects, but I’ll stop here for now. Yes, I know, the local bugs are not massive and showy like the amazing things that come from tropical rain forests, but pay close attention and you will find that they are just as fascinating. And best of all, they are right here in our backyard!
Insects are everywhere. The more we learn about them the more we see how absolutely fascinating, beautiful, and important they are.
Take your family outside the house and go explore. Look around your backyard, watch for signs of insects, check out the flowers, the underside of tree leaves, listen to the buzz of the bees and see what they are doing. Notice the differences between a bumble bee and a carpenter bee and other bees (get more info here.)
A final note: May 22 is the International Day for Biological Diversity. The theme this year is “We’re part of the solution #ForNature“. People all over the world and here in Ohio will be celebrating the day with the goal of increasing understanding and awareness about biodiversity, and to have a good time observing nature. What a great opportunity to connect with fellow bug explorers and to promote the insect biodiversity that is right around us! Post your discoveries, photos, and musings about Ohio insects on social media. Use the hash tag #OhioBugs so we can keep in touch.
Hope to see you out there!
About the Author: Dr. Luciana Musetti is an Entomologist and the Curator of the Triplehorn Insect Collection at Ohio State University.
All photos courtesy of the author.