Importing Truffles

Amy is in France buying truffles, which she will import to the US. At one quaint farm she buys x truffles at 3 for 10 euros, and at the next quaint farm she buys 2x truffles at 5 for 21 euros. What is the price per dozen at which she would need to sell the truffles she has bought so far in order to break even?

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Fair Trade

Cosima is in the business of importing hand-loomed Guatemalan shirts for the Fair Trade gift shop in town. The shirts cost her a certain amount, and her profit, when she sells them to the gift shop, is x% of what they cost her. (Then the gift shop marks the price up some more and sells them to the public, but that isn’t relevant.)

Cosima has now found a second source of shirts, from Peru. These cost her 8% less than the shirts from Guatemala. She sells the Peruvian shirts to the gift shop at the same price as the Guatemalan shirts, and because they cost her less, her rate of profit is higher: (x + 10)%. This information is enough for you to figure out what x is.

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Birthday Present (Dimes, Quarters)

Hartley and Bertha are pooling their money to buy their mother a birthday present. (Her birthday, by coincidence, turned out to be the day she was elected to the school board.) The two have $20.25 between them. Hartley has all of his money in dimes and Bertha’s is in quarters. Hartley has twice as many dimes as Bertha has quarters. How much money is Hartley contributing?

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Basketball Team Weight

The average weight of the 5-man freshman basketball team was thought to be 60 kg. However, a mistake was made — one of the weights was written down wrong. Once the mistake was found, and that one weight was changed to the right value of 80 kg, the correct average turned out to be 70 kg. What was the mistaken value? That is, what was written down at first instead of 80 kg?

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Wealth Redistribution

The kingdom of Syldavia has five economic classes. Feeling one day that there is too great a disparity among the wealth of the classes, the King asks his Finance Minister to devise a plan to redistribute the wealth of the classes. The FM proposes that the wealth of the top two classes be averaged, then the wealth of classes 2 and 3 be averaged, then the wealth of classes 3 and 4 be averaged, and finally that the wealth of classes 4 and 5 be averaged—a four-step process. The King likes the sound of the plan, but suggests that the progression should be from the lowest classes upwards. (In either case, the result will be a four-class system.) Which of the two plans should the lowest class prefer? Why?

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