Russia 2003

2003 National Report for Russia

REPORT ON ACTIVITIES

IN THE FIELD OF SPATIAL METADATA STANDARDS PROBLEM

 IN RUSSIA

Institute of Informatics Problems

Russian Academy of Science

Vavilova St., 44, build 2,

Moscow, 117333, Russia

PROF. ALEXANDER I. MARTYNENKO

Last decade in Russia a demand for informational and telecommunication services has risen sharply, according to increase needs of our society in getting and application of information, including geoinformation.

It is necessary to integrate available information about the Earth, Russia, its regions, Moscow, and other cities; to build the Knowledge Base for science, government, economics and social life. The Knowledge Base allows analyzing and predicting situations, modeling, information and calculation tasks solving, and final results representing. Geoinformation is a vital part of the complex information support of the analytical activity.  It improves information interface quality, information resource use and management efficiency, electronic map and geodata application.

During the last years Institute of Informatics Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences together with leading scientific institutions and universities of Russia have been carrying out fundamental and applied researches on the theme of  “Electronic Earth”. Several projects are supported by Russian Fund for Fundamental Researches.

For the fist time in the frame of “Electronic Earth” project it is proposed to develop the methods of electronic representation of land cover, ground and underground facilities (including 3D cadastre); technologies of geodata analyzing and processing, and building of integrated informational space. Methods and technologies are planned to develop in complex on the base of Electronic Maps System adopted in 1999, and Russian Federation State Standards on electronic maps and their metadata. The core of the developed System is a Global Geoinformation Mapping (GGM). We consider it as a synonym of geoinformatics.

Next problems are solved in process of the System and its core development:

–         Investigation of objective rules and elaboration of GGM principles, its methodology and application of Metadata Base and Geospatial Information Bank, and Earth Knowledge Base.

–         Methods and technologies elaboration of semantic modeling, coding, compression, integration, and searching of multifold geospatial information, knowledge extraction, for instance with the use of semantic network system and multimedia visualization.

–         Investigation of conflicts in the field of GGM, finding of its key courses: enhancement and development, elaboration of the telecommunication methods mapping, principles of national infrastructure and integrated national informational space.

On these questions is used the coordination work of experts from institutions of Russian Academy of Sciences, ministries and departments, Moscow State Lomonosov University, Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography, State Land Management University, Adygeya State University and other academies, industrial organizations of Military Topography, Russian Cartography, Russian Land Cadastre Department, Russian Hydrometeorology, Institute of Telecommunications of Engineering Science Academy, GIS-Association, and other non-governmental organizations.

Actually, the Knowledge Base is created with use of Electronic Maps System adopted in 1999, and Russian Federation State Standards on electronic maps and their metadata (GOST R 50828-95, GOST R 51353 – 99, GOST R 52055 – 2003). As information sources next data are used: cadastre planes with scale 1: 500, 1: 1 000, 1: 2 000, 1: 1 0000 и 1: 25 000, topographic and thematic maps 1: 25 000, 1: 50 000 и 1: 1 00 000, 1: 200 000, 1: 500 000 и 1: 1 000 000, city plans 1: 1 0 000 и 1: 25 000, aero photo images, space images with high resolution, reference (statistical) data in digital and paper form. The contents of the Knowledge Base are included geological structure and resources, rivers, their water regime, hydrochemistry, contaminations, temperature regime, hydro energy recourses, water protection, relief forming, landslides, soils and land resources, growth and vegetation resources, population and social life, economics, ecology, history and culture heritage.

In the field of GGM it has been developed theoretical and methodical foundations of the Electronic Earth and Electronic Russia, methods, technical and software tools, technologies of acquisition, accumulation, analysis, and processing of geospatial data. During the creation of the Electronic Map System (1984 – 2003) 3 scientific schools were founded:

Cartographic support of automated control and navigation systems;

Digital geoinformatics;

Electronic cartography.

 

In May, 2003 were accepted the State Standard of Russian Federation (GOST R 52055 – 2003)“Geoinformatic mapping. Spatial models of terrain. General Requirements”. It was developed and submitted by Technical Committee on Standards TC 22 “Informational Technologies”, and Subcommittee SC 51 “Geoinformation Technologies” (chairman Prof. A.I. Martynenko). The Standard was implemented by the Russian State Standard Resolution from 22.05.2003 № 155. Analogies are unknown.

 

Field of application of the Standard establishes requirements to mathematical basis, content and design of spatial terrain models. The standard requirements reflect modern tendencies of informatization development in the interest of economics, social sphere, and national security, and can be used by institutions, organization, enterprises, independently of patterns of ownership and subordination forms located on the Russian Federation, which are occupied with collection, systematization, analysis, processing and transmission of spatial data, with spatial models creation and application, data bases and data banks organization.

Spatial Models (3D) of Terrain are applied by many users for informational, and calculation task solutions, analysis, modeling, situation and terrain presentation. Together with electronic maps they are a component part of cartographic supplying of current and future control systems, informational and calculated systems.

Spatial Models of Terrain allow solving the following problems:

–         Overall evaluation of terrain;

–         Analysis and assessment of terrain characteristics; individual ground, underground (underwater) objects;

–         Orientation;

–         Terrain data and situation presentation;

–         Situation modeling;

–         Solution of informational, calculation, and navigational tasks;

–         Training users on the real time simulators;

–         Conducting studies, trainings and other actions for preparation experts in decision-making on the terrain;

–         Improving of produced spatial models of terrain;

–         Informational compatibility of various controls and navigations systems, geoinformation systems, and simulators.

Next Standards were quoted in the Standard:

GOST R 50828 – 95 Geoinformatic Mapping. Spatial Data, Digital and Electronic Maps. General requirements.

GOST R 51353 – 99 Geoinformatic Mapping. Metadata of the Electronic Maps. Composition and Content.

In the present Standard there are used terms with reference to GOST R 50828 – 95 and GOST R 51353 – 99. Also the next term with a definition is used:

Spatial Model of Terrain: visual and measurable three-dimensional presentation (image) of terrain reproduced on display in accordance with specified observation conditions getting from the traditional maps, cadastral plans, and aerospace images, relief maps and video on the base of digital information about terrain (electronic maps, digital elevation models).

Spatial Model of Terrain may be represented as two images on displays, providing stereoscopic perception of locality and features (ground-based, under ground, underwater).

Elaborated Spatial Models of Terrain (Terrain Models) must provide:

–         Possibility of pictorial view of terrain 3D image with topological links depends on time of day, year, and situation on the individual and sharing displays.

–         Possibility of visual perception of relief, spatial forms, dimensions and location of the surface and underground terrain objects and communications;

–         Readability and reconcilability of the terrain elements and objects;

–         Multidimensional image of the terrain elements and objects;

–         Image measurability;

–         Visual estimation of relative spatial position.

Mathematical basis of Terrain Models (projection, scale) must provide graphic image acquisition with topographical accurate without gaps in pseudovolumetric image by fixed scale. Spatial Model of terrain must be created in the perspective projection or another one. It helps not only to build similar to terrain image but also draw it with using angle and dimensions measuring.

Mathematical basis of the Terrain Model must provide:

–         Visualization of spatial pattern region (part of region), with relief forms and objects from any arbitrary point selected by user;

–         Possibility to change angle of observation from one point;

–         Step-by-step simulation (a point of observation flight specified by user; scale variations for displaying of the Terrain Model).

Content of the Terrain Model must include following elements: terrain relief, hydrography, settlements and stand-alone buildings, agricultural, industrial, social and cultural objects, road network, soils and vegetation, borders, legend place-names and their characteristics, including underground (underwater) objects, and topological links among them with essential characteristics. Image tools (graphic, color, light and shade techniques) used in the Terrain Model must provide maximum possible correspondence between displayed model and real terrain, clearness, readability and recognition of model elements. These means must not hinder displaying of the model elements. Visualization factors of the Terrain Model must be: dimensions of displaying terrain region; rate of vertical and horizontal scales; direction angle (trajectory) of 3D model viewing; position data of user; focal distance of simulated optic system (in case of need); position data of lighting source. The Terrain Model must provide georeference information of the thematic data, operative and tactical situation. An accuracy of the Terrain Model, providing from digital sources, is characterized by combined effect of mistakes from initial cartographic information, aerospace images, and errors, originated during transformation cartographic information to digital form.

Our viewpoint on the problem of the Electronic Earth was developed in the reports, given on the 20th International Cartographic Conference, and International Conference InterCarto8, InterCarto9.

REFERENCE:

  1. Martynenko A.I. Digital Earth based on Metadata Electronic Standard, Proceedings, 20th ICA International Cartographic Conference, Beijing, 2001, vol.4, pp. 2747-2752.
  2. Martynenko A I., Lyuty A.A., Zemlianov I.V., Serdyukov A.N., Lunyova N.V. Searching Internet Server for the Electronic Libraries of maps and Geospatial Information Metadata as a scientific and practical problem of the Global Geoinformatic Mapping, Proceedings, 20th ICA International Cartographic Conference, 2001, Beijing, vol. 2, pp. 1184-1189.
  3. Eliushkin V.G., Martynenko A.I. On the new high-precision technology of obtaining and processing space survey materials and creating digital orthopotos and electronic maps // Proceedings, 20 the ICA International Cartographic Conference, Beijing, 2001, vol. 1, pp. 659-661.
  4. Martynenko A I., Nyrtsova T.P., Karachevtseva I.P. GIS for modeling cartographic design, Proceedings 20th ICA International Cartographic Conference, vol. 2, Beijing, 2001, vol. 2, pp.1169-1175.
  5. Martynenko A.I. Electronic Earth, Country and City: Theory, Methodology and Technology // Proceedings, InterCarto8 International Conference. GIS for Sustainable Development of Territories, Helsinki – St.-Petersburg, 2002, pp. 17-21.
  6. Martynenko A.I. Electronic Earth as Methodology and Technology of our Time // XXII FIG International Congress. Washington, USA, 2002, pp.72-73.
  7. Martynenko A.I. The Earth Knowledge Base: Methodology and Technology // Proceedings InterCarto9 International Conference. GIS for Sustainable Development of Territories, Novorossijsk – Sevastopol, 2003, pp. 21-23.

© Copyright, ICA Standards Commission, 2003