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Scrub typhus and Orientia:
geography and genotype of a vector-borne disease
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Scrub typhus – a neglected disease
Early scientific tsutsugamushi reports
Significant recent news and findings
Geography
EXPANDED GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF SCRUB TYPHUS
The agents of scrub typhus
Diagnostic Methods
SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES
Antibiotics: Treatment, Sensitivity and Resistance
The molecular genetics of scrub typhus
GROUP 1) SURFACE ANTIGEN GENES
56 kDa Type Specific Antigen (TSA)
DNA sequences of the 56kDa TSA gene
47-kDa membrane protease (htrA) gene
GroEL and GroES genes
22-kDa CELL SURFACE ANTIGEN
GROUP 2) RIBOSOMAL RNA GENES
Ribosomal small subunit (16S) rRNA gene
Ribosomal large subunit (23S) rRNA gene
GROUP 3) Multi-locus Sequence Typing in Orientia
MLST Panel 1
MLST Panel 2
MLST PANEL 3
GROUP 4) GENES WITH POTENTIAL TO CONFER ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
gyrA : DNA gyrase
Bcr/CflA drug resistance efflux transporter
The ABC-type multidrug transport system
RND family efflux transporters
Penicillin-binding proteins
Beta-lactamases
ampG1 – permease of the major facilitator superfamily
Microcin C resistance proteins
Additional Genes
Rickettsia genes missing in Orientia
Antibiotic Resistance Genes
FUTURE QUESTIONS ABOUT THE GENETIC VARIATION IN O. TSUTSUGAMUSHI
Phylogenetic relationships between isolates of scrub typhus
Genome sequences of scrub typhus isolates
Vectors of Scrub typhus
History of isolates of scrub typhus
The Gilliam strain
The Karp strain
The Kato strain
The Kuroki isolate
The Kawasaki isolate
The Shimokoshi isolate
The TA763 strain
The Boryong strain
The Kostival strain
Calcutta strain
Acknowledgments
American Society for Rickettsiology and other websites
22-kDa CELL SURFACE ANTIGEN
sta22 – The 22-kDa antigen gene
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