“A History of Intergalactic Generals” by Seamus Burke Sundermeier

In this excerpt from the portfolio of Seamus Burke Sundermeier (English ’20), he takes Geoffrey of Monmouth to deep space. His re-imagination of medieval historiography, particularly Geoffrey of Monmouth’s “History of the Kings of Britain,” reflects on medieval constructions of kingship and counsel:

I tried to match the pseudo-history that is present in the work of Arthurian “History”. This story treats Arthur as a brilliant strategist just as he is in Monmouth’s novel. Arthur uses his relationships that he developed as a young man to help lead the people of the caravan just as he uses his alliances to help defeat his enemies. Instead of making Merlin a prophet who advised the king, I made the character an artificial intelligence that eventually helps bring salvation to the human realm.

The result is a contemporary, sci-fi take on history writing sure to please fans of Arthuriana and Battlestar Galactica alike.

from A History of Intergalactic Generals

Earth was the best of planets, situated in what was the Milky Way Galaxy. With a diameter of almost 8,000 miles, there was much land to shared amongst great leaders. The planet was luxurious, generous, and allowed for overwhelming prosperity for all of its creatures. Yet our people squandered it nonetheless, and we were forcefully cast out from the safe bosom of our Mother Earth. A planet, ruined by pollution, was now toxic for all living creatures.

Many people tried to lead the ark of survivors out into the cold depths of space. However, few were as successful as the Great General Arthur. Fifty years after millions of people were forced to caravan across the galaxy to look for a new home, Arthur was born. Knowing only the cold steel of his traveling home and the black void of his deadly surroundings, the young man developed a determination to save his people and explore the universe for a home fit for a new generation of life. As he grew, he studied the known universe, scouring the data for any signs of a new home.

He inspired some with his ambition to find a sustainable planet, and upon his completion of schooling, he was admitted onto the Council of Intergalactic Travel and Sustainability. Yet this population of hopeful youth was not enough to turn the elders from the darkness. Men and women began to fall into a hopeless insanity. Those who had known the warmth of the sun’s touch, the feeling of fresh air in their lungs, and the savor of unprocessed food on their tongues began to go mad from the containment of the vessels. Small insurrections of maddened people had broken out in the years prior, but the Council had been able to squash these violent outbursts in time to stop paranoia from reaching others’ minds. It was hard not to go crazy when one had been cooped up in a station for seventy-five years.

Arthur recognized the turmoil surrounding him and knew he had to act quickly. Over years of schooling, the young man had made bonds with the best and brightest minds within the caravan of space shuttles. They began working in secret to create a data analyzing artificial intelligence. Twenty-five of the brightest young minds began to work as many of the older generations threw themselves from the ships, escaping their psychosis forever. Numbers were still strong but were beginning to dwindle with time.

After years of hard work, Arthur had accomplished his technological feat. They had claimed a near-abandoned ship’s motherboard for their work, and its navigation system was now operating to find planets best suited for sustainable life. The title of the AI was Motherboard v.3 Repurposed for a Life-Supporting Inhabitable New-Earth, or M.3.R.L.I.N for short.

Upon activating M.3.R.L.I.N, Arthur pressed him for advice and help seeking the planet they all desperately desired. M.3.R.L.I.N proposed three planets of equal chances of colonization. People rejoiced at the recent news of hope.  They praised Arthur for his brilliance and appointed him the first General of the Ark. His first decision was to separate the bright minds and tasked them with finding out more information about these planets. M.3.R.L.I.N was fitted onto every ship, as an advisor for all of the travelers and explorers.

After several years under Arthur’s rule, the explorers finally returned. The first to arrive had saddening news. The planet they explored was not fit for humanity, and many of the explorers on the expedition were lost in the night. The second to arrive had similarly dire news. Panic began to break out on the caravan, but Arthur began to rule with a tight iron fist. He controlled the mania, and assured all would be well. Eventually, the third ship returned. The planet they sought was out there. The final ship had found a planet with a peaceful civilization, and the Earthlings might be able to colonize. Arthur plotted a course for this land.

Upon arrival, Arthur met with the leaders of the new-found civilization and transcribed a treaty for the Earthlings to have a small section of their lush planet for a colony to continue life. The people named this colony Camelot and Arthur continued for years.

* * *

Seamus Burke Sundermeier is a senior studying for a double major in English (with the focus area of creative writing) and Film Studies (with the focus area of screenwriting). He loves creative writing and has aspirations of becoming a screenwriter. He dreams of one day creating a major motion picture or television series based on his ideas and writing.

“Musings from the Grave(stone)” and “A Reply” by Brenna Kane

Brenna Kane (English ’20) shares two of her beautiful sonnets. The first, “Musing from the Grave(stone)” is an homage to pre-conquest poetry (particularly Dream of the Rood) as well as the early medieval propensity to make objects speak (such as in the Exeter Book riddles). The second, “A Reply,” speaks back to John Donne’s famous sonnet, “The Flea,” calling into question his oft-repeated conceit.

 

Musings from the Grave(stone)

From my face curvatures form vast ravines

Caverns upon which tears find fertile ground

From axe and epitaph I source my means

To this/their plot I am forever bound

 

My brothers speak of different tales than I

Their ears bend far to cater whimpered prayer

In truth, it is not ours to reason why

How loss is mine to hold but theirs to bare

 

To them I am the bones beneath the sod

Not self but more a player, mask adorned

Hold fast my face, lament with logic flawed

Hell hath no fury as a mortal scorned

 

Ash is to ash as are the bones to me

Thus from my captive state, souls wander free

 

A Reply

To liken love and lust I caution thee

Such mindless musings written as our fate

Take heed to conjure marriage in a flea

In young hearts words turn cradle, bearing weight

 

Fertile lands sought without harvest’s intent

An unskilled farmer, reckless seeds are sown

Not innocence-but patience I fear spent

What good is mingling blood to tend crops grown?

 

From window’s view, stone disposition rests

Yet drops of loose blood pool to tip the scale

 In doubt’s harsh womb still yet awe manifests

Sweet nothings turning iron judgment frail

 

While my own temperate wisdom do I seek

I entreat you and these coy fates to speak

* * *

Brenna Kane is a senior English major graduating in May of 2020. Literature editor of Mosaic Undergraduate Magazine and member of Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority, she hopes to pursue a career in literary publishing. Specializing in writing, rhetoric and literacy, Brenna hopes to bring literature into the world that reflects the diverse thoughts and experiences of its inhabitants. Her time at OSU has has been instrumental in the formation of that goal, as the access to higher education has truly shaped her worldview.

“The Chamber of the Lord” and “His Once-Royal Visage” by Nathan Oddi

In these sonnets excerpted from his portfolio, Nathan Oddi (English ’20) poetically captures the spiritual strife inherent in much premodern poetry. In his first, “The Chamber of the Lord,” he ruminates on the anchoritic life of Julian of Norwich, particularly the bodily constraints of living a reclusive life and the spiritual rewards it affords. The second sonnet, “His Once-Royal Visage” is a testament to Miltonian ideas about Satan’s psychology and appearance:

My final sonnet has its roots in Milton’s Paradise Lost, though I approach Satan in a period much later than Milton, and he’s changed. Milton’s Satan is heroic in a rebellious kind of way— “and with ambitious aim against the Throne and Monarchy of God rais’d impious War in Heav’n and Battel proud with vain attempt” (Book I, 41-44)—charismatic—“[Satan] spake: and to confirm his words, out-flew millions of flaming swords, drawn from the thighs of mighty Cherubim” (Book I, 663-665) and still regal-looking despite his lot in Hell—“High on a Throne of Royal State…Satan exalted sat” (Book II, 1-5). But my Satan is older, more damaged than just the “deep scars of Thunder” (Book I, 601) on his face, the rage that drove him to trick Adam and Eve has no real outlet: it fuels him and has left his body (his face, especially) an abhorrent sight to behold, pure evil: think of it as his appearance reflecting his inner hate. I don’t specify it in the poem, but in retrospect, I reckon that behind the mask he wears, Satan’s face shows whoever looks upon it their worst fear, but worse than they could even imagine.

The Chamber of the Lord

The Lord, through which, is made possible all
Exists in each nook, crack of my small home
A bed, the dirt, where I kneel, pray, four walls
Protect me, for the devil looms and roams.
From wealth, I came, a source of pride and shame
Though not until almost too late when I
About to kiss the grave, He raised his flame
Inside my heart. Know this when I, sure, cry:
Forgives, He does, if you repent your ways
Prostrate yourself upon the mercy seat
Your errs, your lies, your sins, let all bare lay
Devote your life to God, prepared to meet.
This “box,” as some deride, exists to show
Despite dark shapes, through me, the Lord’s light glows.

His Once-Royal Visage

The mask he wears, from ore and fire, it stings
To see the fallen soul amid the gey-
-sers near. To him, in Palace, they much bring
Reconnaissance about the King and spies.
A slam upon the table, his wrath arisen.
The odds against his aims, his genius games
Compare not, for His awesome might builds prisons
Without a door, without a key, but flames.
A traitor in our midst, he claims, afire
Obedient lieutenants pick a soul,
A soul, a squire, perhaps, that did conspire
To kill the dark one, prince and evil all.
To him he shows his face. The horror looked
Upon, that none, not even God, can brook.
* * *
Nathan Oddi is a 5th-year English literature major. Before he graduates in the spring, in addition to his major, he’ll have three minors–screenwriting, professional writing, and economics, which express his varied interests (and “indecision, ugh”). In his spare time, he also plays music, mostly guitar. If things work out well, he’ll be the world’s first screenwriter-poet-novelist-guitarist-songwriter; “if not, one of the five is cool, too.”

Devotional Children’s Books by Eleanor Brown

Eleanor Brown shares these stunning children’s books, inspired by medieval hagiography. These two books translate the lives and enduring significance of St. Euphrosyne and Julian of Norwich to a younger audience without sacrificing any of the narrative beauty and aesthetic appeal of the original texts. Commenting on her intellectual/artistic process, she writes:

For the tale of St. Euphrosyne I was at first unsure whether to lean into the Anglo-Saxon culture of the story-tellers I was reading from, or the Egyptian coptic tradition of the story’s subject. Eventually I chose the latter, as a less confusing communication and a more authentic exploration of Euphrosyne/Smaragdus themselves. Also, I am sure part of what attracted the Anglo-Saxons to this story was the glamour of an ancient vanished culture and far-away land…

Eleanor Brown thinks she might be a sophomore, but isn’t sure since she’s been working at this degree for an awfully long time between babies. She feels most alive, and most terrified, when she is trying to write something beautiful, and her deep down secret hope is that someday she will do that in a great big way.

Four-Panel Painting by Grace Harris

Grace Harris (Exercise Science ’22) offers a cross-section of the works we explored in English 2201 with this gorgeous four-panel painting. 

Scenes depicted in the full painting (clockwise from the top-left): (1) the cross as depicted in The Dream of the Rood; (2) Julian of Norwich in her cell; (3) The Ranelagh theatre, inspired by Frances Burney’s novel, Evelina; and (4) the Seven Deadly Sins.

The attention to detail given in the final panel carries special significance for those who have read Frances Burney’s Evelina:

The Ranelagh was one of the many theaters that Evelina and her hostesses attended. The flowered gate is supposed to represent an entrance for Evelina into her new world and London society. I colored the sky and scenery specifically bright […] because I wanted to accurately represent how Evelina pictured her new life to be. This was probably my favorite time period to draw about.

* * *

Grace Harris is a second year here at Ohio State University and is planning to major in Exercise Science with a minor in Human Nutrition. Her goal is to eventually become a Physical Therapist and/or train individuals whether that will be through exercise or diet. She writes, “In my free time I enjoy drawing and painting (so the idea of creating my own portfolio project was great for me!)”.

Concept Paintings by Allyssa DiPietro

Allyssa DiPietro (English ’20) shares her talent for painting with this beautiful concept art, capturing the four periods of literature covered in English 2201: the pre-conquest medieval era, post-conquest medieval era, Renaissance, and Restoration/18th century. Each piece tells its own story about the literature we studied and Allyssa’s engagement with a broad range of literature. She’s been particularly inspired by stained glass, dreamscapes, and abstract art.

* * *

Allyssa DiPietro is a fourth-year English Literature major with a minor in Criminal Justice. She loves to paint, dance, and thoroughly enjoys British literature focusing on the Medieval time period up to the Renaissance. She hopes to become a teacher in the near future, preferably high school!

Playing Pandaemonium by Lilly Chen

Lilly Chen (English ’22) exhibits her remarkable creativity and artistic skill in this RPG-inspired adaptation of Milton’s Paradise Lost:

For Paradise Lost by Milton, I made some mock-ups for a game, where the player is Satan and has to decide on what he is going to do based on the advice he hears.

Galvanized by Gustave Doré’s nineteenth-century illustrations of Milton’s poem, Lilly breathes new life into Milton’s devils for a modern audience.

 

* * *

Lilly Chen is a second-year English major with a concentration in Writing, Rhetoric and Literacy. She’s not exactly certain what future career awaits her but would love to be involved with creating fiction professionally some day. She enjoys drawing in her free time, which had influenced the portfolio decisions quite a bit. She’s currently working on a webcomic right now, which she plans to launch soon!

Early Printed Cover Pages by Ashley Blaes

Ashley Blaes (English ’22) deftly transcends period and genre in this collection of Restoration-inspired cover pages for several works studied in English 2201. Explaining her goals and inspiration, she writes:

During our discussion of Evelina and 18th-century novels as a whole, I was very interested in the design and thought that was put into each publisher’s cover pages. From the various fonts, text sizes, and even degree of wear on the page itself, I could tell some novels had been very well received and loved […] Drawing inspiration from Evelina‘s cover page, I created my own covers for four very different pieces we discussed in lecture over the four literary periods: Pre- and Post-Conquest, Renaissance, and the Restoration.

Here’s more on the process of making these stunning pieces, in Ashley’s own words:

After drafting, I used an online typography template to find as close a match to the print type that was utilized on most 1700s cover pages, Evelina included. I referred to covers such as Robinson CrusoePamela, and of course, Evelina, as inspiration for the layout of each page. After editing and printing, each cover page was then stained and blotted with coffee and dried three times over to give the appearance of yellowed and aged parchment that has crinkled/faded over time.

Ashley Blaes is a second-year English undergrad majoring in literature with a minor in creative writing. It’s no secret that like all English majors she adores books and would love to become a writer of my her fictional stories someday! In the mean time, she works at a bookstore and constantly obsesses over the UK and pretty much anything British. OSU is helping her achieve her goal to study abroad in London, England for the entirety of her junior year: “I could not be more excited!” she writes.

An English 2201-Inspired D&D Adventure by Aaron Fisher

Aaron Fisher (English ’19) offers us the unique opportunity to play through the syllabus of English 2201 with this immensely creative D&D campaign. His grasp of literary history as well as his talent as a story-teller are on full display in this adventure, which culminates in a battle against the “Literary Canon” (as a monster/concept/monstrous concept) itself.

 

* * *

Aaron Fisher just graduated with a BA in English Literature from Ohio State and plans to pursue his Master’s in Library and Information Science, with a focus on either public libraries or academic libraries. He is a tremendous fan of all things game, be it analog or digital. Though card games tend to be his favorite, he enjoys role playing and other forms of strategy gaming as well. His favorite authors are Haruki Murakami and Chuck Palahniuk, and his favorite two classes at OSU were Film and Video Games (Prof. Jesse Schotter) and True Crime (Prof. Elizabeth Hewitt).

Identifying Renaissance F*ckbois by Chloe Nelson

Chloe Nelson (English ’20) took a humorous approach to her portfolio project with this listicle on the perils of dating in the Renaissance world. Her clever commentary on poetic conventions is sure to please sonnet buffs and fans of The Toast, alike. 

“Is He Just Trying to Sleep With Me?”: Identifying F*ckbois Using Renaissance Poetry

By Chloe Nelson

Ah, the age-old question: “Is he just trying to sleep with me?” If the answer is yes, you might be looking at a f*ckboi, a modern term whose essence dates back hundreds upon hundreds of years. Despite our best efforts, it can still be nearly impossible to figure out a man’s intentions—and that’s where renaissance poetry comes in. Take a trip through time with us as we explore some of the world’s original f*ckbois, both British and Italian varieties! Using these poets and their poems, you’ll be able to protect yourself from accidental heartbreak, objectification, and possibly even venereal disease.

1. His BFF is a guy named Petrarch

You can tell a lot about a person by the company they keep—especially if that company is dusty Italian men who have been dead for over 600 years. Petrarch’s whole thing was lamenting the unattainability of women who wouldn’t sleep with him, so keep this in mind the next time a guy offers to woo you with a sonnet. What is he going to say if/when you refuse to sleep with him? Hopefully not publish a set of poems about it, but you never know.

2. He keeps a catalogue of your physical characteristics

Your beauty deserves more than 14 lines of rhymed iambic pentameter! Beauty aside though, you are more than a laundry list of physical characteristics that men deem attractive. Ask yourself—how many of his compliments have to do with your body? If you find yourself dealing with blazon after blazon, you might simply be the Laura to his Petrarch. Reclaim your poetic voice and dump his ass.

3. He’s full of conceit

Not only is he desperately trying to flex his sonnet abilities, but now he’s comparing sex to a flea, too? John Donne’s sonnet “The Flea” is infamous for its outrageous and raunchy conceit, but girl, any man who needs to draw outlandish comparisons to get your attention is clearly desperate and not worth your time. Avoid both poetic conceits and conceited men, and your two bloods will never mingled be.

4. He won’t stop pestering you about “time’s winged chariot”

Typical of renaissance poetry (and f*ckbois galore) is the invocation of carpe diem, A.K.A. “seize the day.” We could all die tomorrow, so why not enjoy the present with little regard for the future? This is all well and good until, in a classic f*ckboi move, the Andrew Marvells and Robert Herricks of the world descend to try and convince you to sleep with them. Why not, when the “same flower that smiles today / tomorrow might be dying”? Do not fall prey to this kind of manipulation! For starters, there are several reasons why you may not want to have sex with the nearest poet (even if the world was coming to an end), and you do not have to justify ANY of them. If he tries to put pressure on you like this, he’s a f*ckboi.
* * *
Chloe Nelson is a fourth-year English major with a triple minor in women’s, gender and sexuality studies; professional writing; and German. She is a huge fan of horror films, scented candles, intersectional feminism, and a proud member of Slytherin house.