Kant’s first critique has shown us that the synthetic unity of apperception constitutes objectivity. For both Kant and Hegel, this defines dialectic. in the Critique of Pure Reason this transcendental unity leads inevitably to the antinomies of pure reason. We shall see today how these antinomies, for Kant an indirect proof of transcendental philosophy, help us understand dialectic. Their solution helps us understand the nature of judgment, and the difference between human and animal consciousness.