1) Which of the following is a commonly overlooked initial non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s Disease?
a. Anosmia
b. Bradykinesia
c. Akinesia
d. Cogwheel rigidity
2) Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease is often delayed due to the fact that (CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY):
a. It manifests later in life. Thus, early symptoms can be mistakenly attributed to normal ageing;
b. It manifests in early adulthood. Thus, early symptoms can be mistaken attributed to Huntington’s Chorea;
c. Its symptoms manifest gradually;
d. Its symptoms are characterised by frequent remissions and exacerbations;
e. It manifests primarily in African American women
3) The four cardinal symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease include:
a. Ageusia, bradykinesia, dementia and rigidity;
b. Tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability;
c. Tremor, bradykinesia, seborrhea, and constipation;
d. Temor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and depression
4) The hallmark of Parkinson’s Disease pathophysiology is degradation of acetylcholine pathways in the nigro-striatal pathway of the midbrain. (T/F)
5) Levodopa is a commonly used drug in the pharmacotherapy of Parkinson’s Disease. This drug’s mechanism of action of is best described as:
a. A dopamine precursor that crosses the blood brain barrier and promotes synthesis of dopamine;
b. An anticholinergic drug that blocks muscarinic receptors in the midbrain;
c. Inhibition of dopamine breakdown;
d. Stimulation of dopaminergic receptors