Quiz Questions
1. Which of the following is not a recognized risk factor for type 2 diabetes?
A. Age
B. Obesity
C. Family history
D. Smoking
Correct answer: D. Smoking
Rationale: The most well-recognized risk factors for type 2 diabetes are age, family history, hypertension, obesity and physical inactivity. Smoking is not a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
2. Classic symptoms of type 2 diabetes include all of the following except:
A. Fatigue
B. Blurry vision
C. Excessive thirst
D. Decreased urine output
Correct answer: D. decreased urine output
Rationale: Decreased urine output is not a symptom of type 2 diabetes. Individuals with type 2 diabetes may present with classic symptoms of polyuria, excessive production of urine, and polydipsia, excessive thirst or excessive drinking. But individuals more often will also complain of nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue, visual changes, paresthesia or weakness, pruritus and recurrent infection.
3. Type 2 diabetes is a dysfunction of what cells?
A. Cell mass dysfunction
B. Beta cell dysfunction
C. Stem cell dysfunction
D. Muscle cell dysfunction
Correct answer: B. Beta cell dysfunction
Rationale: A progressive decrease in the weight and number of beta cells occurs in type 2 diabetes. Beta-cell dysfunction is caused in part by a decrease in beta cell mass. Type 2 diabetes is not a dysfunction of cell mass, stem cell or muscle cell.
4. Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. For a patient to be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, which of the following listed below must be present?
A. Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mm/dl
B. Blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg
C. Increased waist circumference; >40 inches in men, 35 inches in women
D. All of the above
Correct answer: D. All of the above
Rationale: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disorders such as central obesity, dyslipidemia, prehypertension, and an elevated fasting blood glucose level that together will have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. The metabolic syndrome develops during childhood and is highly common among overweight children and adolescents. Three of the five criteria listed below must be present for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome
- Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mm/dl
- Blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg
- Increased waist circumference, >40 inches in men; >35 in women
- Plasma triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl
- Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, men <40 mg/dl; women <50 mg/
5. True or False: Diet and exercise to reduce weight do not have major roles on prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Correct answer: False
Rationale: Diet and exercise have primary importance in prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. The body’s resistance to insulin diminishes when an individual loses weight. Exercise also diminishes insulin requirements, lowers postprandial blood glucose levels, increases the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lowers triglyceride and cholesterol levels.