1. Which of the following bacteria is most commonly associated with acute cystitis?
A. Chlamydia- is most commonly associated with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
B. Escherichia coli or E. coli – E. coli is most commonly associated with acute cystitis. E.Coli will move from the gut into the urine, causing infection. E. coli is resistant to the urinary tract defense mechanisms. E. coli evades immune response by producing toxins which kills complement cells.
C. Pseudomonas- bacteria most commonly associated with Acute Pyelonephritis
D. Gonorrhea- most commonly associated with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
2. Which of the following are clinical manifestations of acute cystitis?
A. frequency, urgency, dysuria, and suprapubic pain- acute cystitis clinical manifestations are related to the host inflammatory response to a pathogen in the bladder.
B. frequency, dysuria, fever, and flank pain- clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis
C. oliguria, edema, hypertension, proteinuria- clinical manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis
D. edema, hypertension, hypothyroidism, vitamin D deficiency- clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndromes
3. After teaching a patient on how to manage acute cystitis, the nurse determines that further instruction is needed when the patient says:
A. “I will wipe from front to back after using the toilet.” – correct
B. “I will drink plenty of fluids to lower my risk for UTI.” – correct
C. “If I have acute cystitis, I will have blood in my urine.” – Clinical manifestation of acute cystitis does not include hematuria. Hematuria, cloudy and foul-smelling urine are more serious symptoms and need further testing to determine the cause.
D. “If I get a UTI, a urine culture will help determine the bacteria.” -correct
4. True or false. UTI is more common in women?
A. True – UTI is more common in women because of the shorter urethra and the closeness or proximity of the urethra to the anus (increasing the possibility of bacterial contamination).
B. False
5. A woman with acute cystitis asks the nurse, “How did I get UTI?” The nurse should explain that acute cystitis is caused by:
A. An autoimmune disease – UTI is not an autoimmune disease
B. Congenital abnormality of the bladder – UTI is not caused by congenital abnormality
C. High pH and low osmolality of the urine – urine has low pH and high osmolality thus provide a bactericidal effect to the uroepithelium.
D. Contamination of the urethra caused by ascending movement of bacteria into the bladder – host defense mechanisms maintain a sterile posterior urethra and bladder on healthy individuals. When the defense mechanism is altered, bacteria can contaminate the sterility of the urethra, travel up to the bladder, and cause infection.
Reference:
McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E., Brashers, V. L., Rote, N. S., & McCance, K. L. (2019). Pathophysiology: the biologic basis for disease in adults and children. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.