Soil Analysis
| pH | |
| Thomas, G.W. 1996. Soil pH and soil acidity. p. 475-490. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3—Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. | Link |
| Watson, M. E. and J.R. Brown. 1998. pH and Lime Requirement, p. 13-16. In: Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the North Central Region. NCR Publication No. 221. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, Columbia, MO, USA. | Link |
| Lime Test Index | |
| Sikora, F. J. 2006. A Buffer that Mimics the SMP Buffer for Determining Lime Requirement of Soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70:474-486 (2006). | Link |
| Sims, J. T. 1996. Lime Requirement. p. 491-515. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3—Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. | Link |
| Watson, M. E. and J.R. Brown. 1998. pH and Lime Requirement, p. 13-16. In: Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the North Central Region. NCR Publication No. 221. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, Columbia, MO, USA. | Link |
| Soil Bray P1 Extraction | |
| Kuo, S. 1996. Phosphorus. p. 894-895. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3—Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. | Link |
| Frank, K, D. Beegle and J. Denning. 1998. Phosphorus, p. 21-23. In: Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the North Central Region. NCR Publication No. 221. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, Columbia, MO, USA. | Link |
| Exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, Na – One Molar (1 M) Ammonium Acetate Extraction | |
| Warncke, D. and J.R. Brown. 1998. Potassium and other basic cations, p. 31-33. In: Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the North Central Region. NCR Publication No. 221. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, Columbia, MO, USA. | Link |
| Helmke, P. A. and D. L. Sparks. 1996. Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium. p. 568-569. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3—Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. | Link |
| Extractable P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu and Zn – Mehlich 3 Extraction | |
| Mehlich, A 1984. Mehlich 3 soil test extractant: A modification of Mehlich 2 extractant. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analyses 15:1409-1416. | Link |
| Helmke, P. A. and D. L. Sparks. 1996. Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium. p. 567-568. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3—Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. | Link |
| Electrical Conductivity and Soluble Salts | |
| Whitney, D.A. 1998. Soil salinity. p. 59-60. In: Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the North Central Region. NCR Publication No. 221. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, Columbia, MO, USA. | Link |
| Jackson, M.L. 1958. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA. | Link |
| Rhoades, J. D. 1996. Salinity: Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. p. 417-435. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3—Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. | Link |
| Nitrate – Nitrogen | |
| Gelderman, R.H. and D. Beegle 1998. Nitrate-nitrogen. p. 17-20. In: Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the North Central Region. NCR Publication No. 221. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, Columbia, MO, USA. | Link |
| Mulvaney, R.L. 1996. Nitrogen – inorganic forms. p. 1162-1171. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3—Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. | Link |
| Inorganic Nitrogen – Two Molar (2 M) KCl Extraction | |
| Mulvaney, R.L. 1996. Nitrogen – inorganic forms. p. 1129-1139. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3—Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. | Link |
| Gelderman, R.H. and D. Beegle. 1998. Nitrate-Nitrogen, p. 17-18. In: Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the North Central Region. NCR Publication No. 221. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station. Columbia, MO, USA. | Link |
| Exchangeable Aluminum – One Molar (1 M) KCl Extraction | |
| Bertsch, P.M. and P.R. Bloom. 1996. Aluminum. p. 526-527. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3—Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. | Link |
| Boron – Hot Water Soluble | |
| Keren, R. 1996. Boron. p. 610-611. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3—Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. | Link |
| Total Concentrations of Elements – Digestion with HClO4/HNO3 Followed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Emission Spectrometry | |
| Sommers, L. E. and D. W. Nelson. 1972. Determination of Total Phosphorus in Soils: A Rapid Perchloric Acid Digestion Procedure. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings. Vol. 36, 6: p.902-904. Madison, WI. | Link |
| Jackson, M.L. 1958. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA. | Link |
| Hossner, L.R. 1996. Dissolution for total elemental analysis. p. 49-64. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3—Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. | Link |
| Ammonia – Nitrogen | |
| Mulvaney, R.L. 1996. Nitrogen – inorganic forms. p. 1129-1139. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3—Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. | Link |
| Total Nitrogen |
| AOAC Official Methods of Analysis. Method 990.03. Protein(crude) in Animal Feed Combustion Method (Dumas method). 17th edition 2002. Reference: JAOAC 72, 770(1989) |
| Organic Matter / Loss on Ignition | |
| Combs, S. M. and M. V. Nathan 1998. Soil organic matter. p. 53-58. In: Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the North Central Region. NCR Publication No. 221. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, Columbia, MO, USA. | Link |
| Total Carbon |
| International Standard, ISO 10694:1995(E). Soil quality – Determination of organic and total carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis). International Organization for Standardization. Geneva, Switzerland. |
| Inorganic Carbon | |
| US EPA Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes. Chapter 5 Miscellaneous Test Methods. Methods 9060A: Total Organic Carbon. SW-846. 3rd edition. | Link |
Soilless Mix
| Electrical Conductivity and Soluble Salts | |
| Jackson, M.L. 1958. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA. | Link |
| Rhoades, J. D. 1996. Salinity: Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. p. 417-435. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3—Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. | Link |
| Nitrate-Nitrogen | |
| Mulvaney, R.L. 1996. Nitrogen – inorganic forms. p. 1162-1171. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3—Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. | Link |
| Gelderman, R.H. and D. Beegle 1998. Nitrate-nitrogen. p. 17-20. In: Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the North Central Region. NCR Publication No. 221. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, Columbia, MO, USA. | Link |
Plant Tissue and Feed
| Percent Moisture |
| AOAC Official Method 934.01. Loss on Drying (Moisture) at 95-100°C for Feeds. Dry Matter on Oven Drying at 95-100°C for Feeds. First Action 1934. Final Action |
| Percent Ash |
| AOAC Official Method 942.05. Ash of Animal Feed. First Action 1942. Final Action |
| Total Concentrations of Elements – Digestion with HClO4/HNO3 Followed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Emission Spectrometry |
| AOAC Official Method 975.03 Metals in Plants and Pet Foods Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Method, First Action 1975, Final Action 1988 |
| Allen, J.E. 1971. Preparation of Agricultural Samples for Analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Ruakura Soil Research Sta., Hamilton, New Zealand. |
| Isaac, R.A. and W.A. Johnson. 1985. Elemental Analysis of Plant Tissue by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy: Collaborative Study. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. (Vol.68, No. 3. P499, 1985). |
| Johnston, C.M. and Ulrich. 1959. Analytical Methods for use in Plant Analysis. California Agricultural Exp. Sta. Bulletin #766. |
| Total Concentrations of Elements – Microwave Digestion with HNO3 Followed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Emission Spectrometry |
| Jones, J. B. Sr., B. Wolf and H. A. Mills. 1991. Microwave Digestion Using CEM Microwave Digestion System. In: Plant Analysis Handbook. Micro-Macro Publishing. Athens, GA. |
| Isaac, R.A. and W.A. Johnson. 1985. Elemental analysis of plant tissue by plasma emission spectroscopy: Collaborative study. Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists 68:499-505. |
| Total Nitrogen (Combustion Analysis) |
| AOAC Official Methods of Analysis. Method 990.03. Protein(crude) in Animal Feed Combustion Method (Dumas method). 17th edition 2002. Reference: JAOAC 72, 770(1989) |
| Nitrate-Nitrogen |
| Baker, A.S. and R. Smith 1969. Extracting Solution for Potentiometric Determination of Nitrate in Plant Tissue. J. Agr. Food Chem. 17: 1284 – 1287. |
| Chloride |
| LaCroix, R.L.,D. R. Keeney and L. M. Walsh, 1970. Potentiometric Titration of Chloride in Plant Tissue Extracts using the Chloride Ion Electrode. Soil Sci. and Plant Analysis, 1(1), p.1– 6. |
| Johnston, C.M. and Ulrich. 1959. Analytical Methods for use in Plant Analysis. California Agricultural Exp. Sta. Bulletin #766, p39 – 41. |
| LeGrys VA, Basrfitt MF, Gibson LE, Hammond RB, Kraft K.. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) Sweat Testing: Sample Collection and Quantitative Analysis; Approved Guideline. NCCLS document C34-A2, Vol. 20 No. 14 (ISBN 1-56238-407-4) NCCLS, Pennsylvania |
| Fiber Analysis |
| Van Soest, P. J., 1963. Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. II. A rapid method for the determination of fiber and
lignin. J.A.O.A.C. 46:829 – 35. |
| Goering, H. K. and P. J. Van Soest. Forage Fiber Analysis (Apparatus, Reagents, Procedures, and some Applications). Agricultural handbook 379, U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
| AOAC Official Method 973.18 Fiber (Acid Detergent) and Lignin (H2SO4) in Animal Feed. First Action 1973, Final Action |
| Total Sulfur |
| Sulfur Analyzer (dry combustion) – Analytical Instruments for Plant Analysis. M. E. Watson and R. A. Isaac, Chapter 26. In: Soil
testing and Plant Analysis, 3rd Edition, Soil Science Society of America, Madison WI. |
| Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Ash from Coal, Coke, and Residues from Coal Combustion Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion Method with Infrared Absorption Document Number: ASTM D5016-03. ASTM International |
Compost and Biosolids Analysis
| Test Methods for the Examination of Composting and Compost (TMECC). 2002, US Composting Council Research and Education Foundation. Holbrook, NY | |
| TMECC methods are the basis for all compost analysis. | |
| Percent Solids | 03.09-A Total Solids and Moisture at 70C |
| % Ash / Volatile Solids | 03.02-A Unmilled Material Ignited at 550C without Inerts Removal |
| pH | 04.11-A 1:5 Slurry Method, Mass Basis |
| Soluble Salts / Electrical Conductance | 04.10-A 1:5 Slurry Method, Mass Basis |
| Total Nitrogen | 04.02-D Total Nitrogen by Oxidation, Dumas Method |
| Nitrate-Nitrogen | 04.02-B Nitrate by Ion Chromatography |
| Ammonium Nitrogen | Micro-Kjeldahl distillation of wet sample |
| Total Carbon | 04.01-A Combustion with CO2 Detection |
| Total Mineral Analysis | 04.12-A Microwave-Assisted Nitric Acid Digestion, US EPA 3051, Plus ICP analysis |
| EPA Method 3051 Microwave Digestion – Sediments, Sludges, Soils, and Oils | |
| Manure Analyses |
| Recommended Methods of Manure Analysis — University of Wisconsin-Madison, Editor: John Peters |
| Water | |
| Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th ed. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation. APHA-AWWA-WEF, Washington, DC | |
| pH | Section 4500 |
| Acidity | Section 2310 |
| Alkalinity | Section 2320 |
| Conductivity | Section 2350 |
| Residue of Evaporation | Section 2540 Total Dissolved Solids – 180C |
| Anions by Ion Chromatography | Section 4110C. Single-Column Ion Chromatography with Electronic Suppression of Eluent Conductivity and Conductimetric Detection. |
| Anions by Flow Injection Analysis | Section 4500 |
| 4500-P Phosphorus, G. Flow Injection analysis for Orthophosphate
4500-P Phosphorus, I. In-line UV/Persulfate Digestion and Flow Injection Analysis for Total P 4500-NO3-N, I. Cadmium Reduction Flow Injection Method 4500-NH3-N, H. Flow Injection Analysis 4500-N, B. In-line UV/Persulfate Digestion and Flow Injection Analysis for Total N |
|
| Metals by ICP | Section 3120B. Metals by Plasma |