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Lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) are two very common contaminants found on sites designated for remediation (clean up) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Priorities List, US EPA Brownfields, and the Department of Defense (DoD).

Both lead and arsenic pose treats to human health and are usually the primary risk drivers. However, research has shown that not all of the total concentration of these
metal(loids) are bioavailable when ingested by humans. Bioavailability is not currently incorporated into human health risk assessments and in turn results in an over estimate of exposure and the associated risks. This project was designed to provide basic research on the ability of soils and soil amendments to decrease metal(loid) bioavailability to humans and the permanence associated with these treatments.