Using a theoretical framework is one great way to bolster the strength of your research design. The implementation of a theoretical framework can aid a researcher in defining and grounding their study within empirically backed research. Although, a conceptual framework can be used to better understand phenomenon or experiences, the intentional use of an existing framework can better explain the phenomenon or experiences. For me, the choice to use a particular framework is based on posed questions and the paradigmatic assumptions which guide one’s study.
A theoretical framework should be considered following the development of orienting research questions (preliminary questions). These questions should consider key concepts and perspectives that one wants to explain, explore, or expand upon within their research. After pairing down what general experience one wants to explore, specific language and constructs from a framework can be utilized to form a specific research question.
After developing an orienting question, it becomes imperative to familiarize oneself with the literature. Although a particular theory may draw you to it, one must be familiar with the various perspectives that can inform one’s work. Various theories can share similar constructs or perspectives while differing in key ways. For instance, if we examine motivation theories, both Weiner’s Attribution Theory (1985), and Eccles and Wigfield’s Situated Expectancy Value Theory (2020) contain constructs associated with task difficulty; However, Attribution Theory examines motivation as a reaction to a perceived outcome (1985), while SEVT uses this construct to understand motivation for a specific task (2020). When choosing a theoretical framework, one must be familiar with these similarities and differences so they can compare which theoretical framework better aligns with their orienting questions.
Lastly, when choosing a theoretical framework, one should consider whether it aligns with one’s paradigmatic approach and worldview. In my personal case, I believe that social-cultural influences and historically developed systems largely impact student motivation. Thus, it becomes imperative to choose a framework which acknowledges and incorporates these influences.
Choosing a theoretical framework can be very involved. Some guiding questions can help break down the process when choosing a theoretical framework…
Why will your research benefit from the utilization of a theoretical framework?
How do you know which theoretical framework is best aligned to answer your questions?
How does the use of your particular framework align with your worldview?