We’re thrilled to share that a new study from the AI4Path Lab, led by Dr. Muhammad Khalid Khan Niazi, has been accepted and published in Cancers (MDPI) under the Cancer Informatics and Big Data section. 🎉
📖 Paper Title:
Predicting Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Using Pre-Treatment Histopathologic Images
🔗 Read the full article
🔍 What’s the Study About?
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive and difficult-to-treat subtypes of breast cancer, lacking hormone receptor and HER2 targets. While neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) remains the mainstay of treatment, not all patients respond, leading to unnecessary toxicity without benefit.
This study tackles a key clinical question:
Can we predict chemotherapy response before treatment begins—using only routine biopsy slides?
🧠 AI-Powered Predictive Modeling
Our team developed an attention-based multiple instance learning (MIL) model that uses standard hematoxylin and eosin (H\&E)-stained biopsy images to predict pathologic complete response (pCR) to NACT in TNBC patients.
Key Results:
- 📊 Internal AUC: 0.85 (cross-validation on 174 cases)
- 🌍 External AUC: 0.78 (validated on an independent cohort of 30 cases)
- 🔬 Interpretability: High-attention regions aligned with immune-rich tumor areas, especially those enriched in CD8+ T cells, CD163+ macrophages, and PD-L1 expression.
These findings suggest that biologically meaningful features—particularly immune-related components—can be captured from H\&E slides and used to personalize treatment in TNBC.
💡 Why It Matters
This study highlights the growing potential of AI to:
- ✅ Predict treatment response from pre-treatment data
- ✅ Reduce unnecessary toxicity from ineffective therapy
- ✅ Personalize care pathways in aggressive cancers like TNBC
- ✅ Bridge the gap between routine pathology and precision oncology
The integration of multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) data further strengthens the biological relevance and clinical interpretability of the model—an essential step for translational impact.
🧪 Meet the Authors
This collaborative project brought together experts from:
- The Ohio State University (AI4Path Lab)
- University of Rochester Medical Center
- Brown University
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
Lead Author: Hikmat Khan
Senior Author & PI: Dr. Muhammad Khalid Khan Niazi (Director, AI4Path Lab)
🔗 Reference:
Khan, H., Su, Z., Zhang, H., Wang, Y., Ning, B., Wei, S., Guo, H., Li, Z., & Niazi, M.K.K. (2025). Predicting Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Using Pre-Treatment Histopathologic Images. Cancers, 17(15), 2423. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17152423
📣 Stay tuned for more cutting-edge research from AI4Path, where we’re redefining what’s possible in computational pathology.