heart health

Hypertension – An Unfelt Deadly Force

A blood pressure cuff with a black tube
May in National High Blood Pressure Education Month. Blood pressure is a measure of the force pushed against artery walls as blood is pumped by the heart throughout the body. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is often referred to as the “silent killer” because most who have it don’t experience significant symptoms. According to the Ohio Department of Health, 35.6% of adults in the Buckeye State have been diagnosed with hypertension, but as many as 50% of Ohio adults are likely living with high blood pressure. This is alarming because uncontrolled high blood pressure is quietly damaging the body. If blood pressure remains elevated over time, it can result in heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and even affect vision and sexual health. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in Ohio and America. Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death. Kidney disease and vision loss can be costly conditions and may greatly impact a person’s quality of life.

What can we do to understand and lower our risk of high blood pressure? First, it is important to have our blood pressure checked on a regular basis. According to the American Heart Association, normal blood pressure is defined as <120/<80 mmHg. The top number is referred to as the systolic blood pressure, measured when the heart is actively pumping blood, and the bottom number is the diastolic pressure, or the pressure when the heart is in the resting phase. High blood pressure occurs when the systolic pressure is 130 or higher and/or the diastolic pressure is 80 or higher. Either number can be elevated and used to diagnose high blood pressure, but the systolic number is usually more indicative of cardiovascular disease, especially in people over 50. As we age, the systolic blood pressure goes up as a result of build-up of plaque in our blood vessels and loss of elasticity or stiffening of large arteries. These are both precursors to more serious heart disease. A blood pressure reading of higher than 180 mmHg systolic or > 120 mmHg diastolic is considered a hypertensive crisis and may require immediate medical attention.

How can we prevent high blood pressure or lower it? First, if we have been diagnosed with hypertension, it is important to follow our doctor’s treatment plan, which may include routine medications and lifestyle habits. Healthy lifestyle habits, including regular exercise and consuming a healthy diet, can benefit all of us. Regular physical activity, at least 150 minutes per week, helps lower stress and improves our blood pressure and overall cardiovascular health. Eating healthy, including following DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) guidelines, helps lower our blood pressure as well as risk for many other chronic diseases.

DASH is one of the most researched eating patterns and has been found to lower blood pressure and LDL or “bad” cholesterol in adults. Here are ways to get started:
• Eat more vegetables and fruits (4-5 servings of each per day).
• Choose lean meat & poultry, but limit to 6 oz or less per day.
• Incorporate plant-based proteins (nuts/seeds, dry beans) into meals 5-6 times/week.
• Consume the majority of your grains as whole grains.
• Include 2-3 servings of low-fat milk or yogurt each day.
• Limit sodium to less than 2,300 mg/day.
• Avoid sugar-sweetened beverages and other sweets.
This pattern of eating increases consumption of nutrients, including potassium, calcium, magnesium and protein, as well as fiber and phytochemicals, while lowering saturated fats and sugar. This food-first approach seems to be key in improving the body’s metabolism and function, helping all systems work together as they should for lower blood pressure and better overall health.

Authors:
Writer: Jennifer Little, Extension Educator, Family and Consumer Sciences, OSU Extension, Hancock County
Reviewer: Shari Gallup, Assistant Professor, Family and Consumer Sciences, OSU Extension, Licking County

A Happier, Healthier Love

After we make our New Year’s resolutions and are just starting the new habits of better nutrition and physical activity, Valentine’s Day is lurking around the corner. If you ask children what they love about Valentine’s Day, the most common answer is “candy”. If you ask adults, you will often receive the same answer!  Indulge yourself, your family, “Valentine”, “Galentine”, or “Palentine” with a heart-healthy alternative. How can you have a happier, healthier Valentine’s Day?

Close up of hands holding ripe red apple with carved heart shape over wooden table
Close up of hands holding ripe red apple with carved heart shape over wooden table

Here are a few ideas to be a healthy Valentine:

At School

  • Teach students about foods that support a healthy heart.
  • Hold a taste test with red fruits and veggies!  Apples, blood oranges, cherries, grapes, pink grapefruit, pomegranates, raspberries, red peppers, tomatoes, beets, and more!  Have a vote for the class favorite!
  • Make (or serve) heart sandwiches using whole grain bread and any red 100% fruit spread.  Make the sandwich using regular bread, then cut into a heart shape with cookie cutters or a knife.
  • Make yogurt parfaits with low-fat berry yogurt and fresh or dried berries. 
  • Add some fun messages to lunch boxes with “fruity” puns!  Use markers to write on peelable fruits, fruit cups, or 100% juice boxes.  Messages could be “You’re so sweet!” or “You’re the apple of my eye!”
  • Instead of sending candy consider mini bags of pretzels or crackers, pencils, or stickers as tokens of affection. No worries about food allergies!

At Home

  • Make heart shaped pancakes or waffles in the morning, top with fresh fruit and whipped cream.
  • Avoid the crowds and celebrate with a dance party at home.  Crank up your favorite tunes and groove around the house.  Burn off some energy or cuddle close with your love.
  • Show your love by making a healthier dinner at home-containing a heart-healthy protein (such as salmon), whole-grains, and fruits and vegetables.
  • If you choose to eat out, be aware the restaurant portions can be much larger than most people need.  Make like Lady and the Tramp and share that giant entrée for a healthier option.
  • Keep desserts fruit- based with little to no added sugar. Try using an indoor grill to grill bananas, pineapple, peaches or plums.
  • If you do receive chocolates or candy, remember it is ok to eat them in moderation. Keep your servings small or within the recommended serving size. Consider freezing some to enjoy later.

February is Heart Health Month so Valentine’s Day is the perfect day to show some love for yourself and the ones that are near and dear to your heart. Proper diet and activity is the key to a healthy heart!

Written by: Kate Shumaker, Family and Consumer Sciences Educator, Ohio State University Extension, Holmes County

Reviewed by: Caitlin Mathews-Smith, Family and Consumer Sciences Educator, Ohio State University Extension.

Healthy Habits for Your Brain and Body

a brain

In 2023, more than 6 million Americans lived with Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimer’s is the most common cause of dementia, which is a general term for memory loss that is serious enough to interfere with everyday life. Between 2000 and 2019 deaths, from heart disease decreased 7.3% while deaths from Alzheimer’s disease increased 145%.

The good news is that a healthy lifestyle can protect your brain and lower your risk of cognitive decline and possibly dementia. And it’s never too early or late to adopt healthy lifestyle habits! The Alzheimer’s Association recommends ten healthy habits for your brain and body:

  1. Challenge your mind. Be curious! Put your brain to work and do something that is new for you. Learn a new skill. Try something artistic. Challenging your mind may have short- and long-term benefits for your brain.
  2. Keep learning. Education reduces the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Encourage youth to stay in school and pursue the highest level of training possible. Continue your own education by taking classes at a local library, community center or college, or online.
  3. Get moving. Engage in regular exercise. Find ways to build more movement into your day — walking, dancing, gardening — whatever works for you! The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity a week for optimal physical and mental health. Moderate-intensity physical activity includes activities that raise your heart rate and increase blood flow to the brain and body.
  4. Protect your head. Help prevent injuries to your head by wearing a helmet for activities like biking, wearing a seat belt in the car, protecting yourself while playing sports, and doing what you can to prevent falls.
  5. Be smoke-free. Choose not to use tobacco if you never have and stop smoking if you are currently using tobacco products. It’s never too late to stop! Quitting smoking can lower the risk of cognitive decline back to levels similar to those who have not smoked.
  6. Control your blood pressure. Medications can help lower high blood pressure, and healthy habits like eating right and physical activity can help, too. Work with a health care provider to control your blood pressure.
  7. Manage diabetes. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented or controlled by eating healthier, increasing physical activity, and taking medication, if necessary
  8. Eat right. Eating healthier foods can help reduce your risk of cognitive decline. This includes more vegetables and leaner proteins, along with foods that are less processed and lower in fat. Choose healthier meals and snacks that you enjoy and are available to you.
  9. Maintain a healthy weight. Talk to your health care provider about the weight that is healthy for you. Other healthy habits on this list — eating right, exercising, and sleeping well — can help with maintaining a healthy weight.
  10. Sleep well. Good quality sleep is important for brain health. Stay off screens before bed and make your sleep space as comfortable as possible. Do all you can to minimize disruptions. If you have any sleep-related problems, such as sleep apnea, talk to a health care provider.

What’s good for the heart is good for the brain, so making healthy lifestyle choices to take care of your heart is also a way to protect your brain. The Life’s Essential 8 healthy lifestyle habits from the American Heart Association are very similar to ten healthy habits listed above. So, take a look at these lists and take action today to protect your brain and your body.

Written by Jenny Lobb, Family and Consumer Sciences Educator, OSU Extension Franklin County

Reviewed by Misty Harmon, Family and Consumer Sciences Educator, OSU Extension Perry County

Sources:

Alzheimer’s Association. 10 Healthy Habits for Your Brain. https://www.alz.org/help-support/brain_health/10-healthy-habits-for-your-brain

Alzheimer’s Association. Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures. https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/facts-figures

American Heart Association. Life’s Essential 8. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-lifestyle/lifes-essential-8

Steps to a Healthier Heart

As many of us know, February is known as American Heart Month, a time to spotlight cardiovascular diseases or heart disease. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the United States and Worldwide. Heart disease actually describes a range of conditions: coronary heart disease (CHD), congenital heart disease, peripheral artery disease, and stroke. Because I’m not a medical professional, I’m going to leave discussions about those conditions to someone who knows a lot more about them than I do – say the American Heart Association. I do spend a fair amount of time working to offer people easy ideas that they can use in their everyday lives to improve their health. Here is a list of small steps that you can take to reduce your risk of heart disease:2 heart shaped bowls of fresh fruit

  • Eat another vegetable and fruit each day. Make sure you vary the colors, eat high potassium fruits and veggies, and include leafy greens and berries.
  • Make your breakfast count. Include lots of whole grains like whole oats, brown rice, or whole wheat. Eat at least one fruit or vegetable. Watch the pre-packaged foods that may include more fat, sugar, or sodium than you would like to have.
  • Include protein rich beans, legumes, and nuts. Beans and legumes are packed with minerals and fiber, but don’t have the saturated fats of animal proteins. They contain fiber and will often help you to feel full longer. Add them to your salad or eat them for a snack.
  • Add some fatty fish. Salmon, trout, tuna, herring, orange roughy, halibut, and mackerel are loaded with omega-3 fatty acids. These fats help keep plaque from clogging your arteries. Just avoid fried fish.
  • Have a hobby. Enjoying a hobby can actually lower your stress, promote mental health, and improve relationships. What are your favorite hobbies?
  • Be positive! When you have a more positive outlook or attitude you often have lower blood pressure, lower levels of stress and depression, and better blood sugar levels. Try the “No complaining challenge” for a day and build to a week. Smile more and let go of things you can’t control.
  • Write down 3 funny things. Take time every day to write down 3 funny things that you heard, saw, or did. Encourage others to share funny things that happened to them.3 note cards on clothes line Research has found that humor is powerful. When we laugh, we reduce depression and increase blood flow that can strengthen our heart. Take time to journal funny things every day to have long-term health improvements.

While there are numerous other things you can also do to improve your health, if you pick one or two of these easy steps you can be on your way to a healthier heart. I personally work on my positivity and just recently started looking at the funny things. I can’t wait to hear what you think of the funny things practice.

Writer: Lisa Barlage, Extension Educator, Family and Consumer Sciences, Ohio State University Extension, Ross County. From materials developed by the Live Healthy Live Well Team.

Reviewer: Ken Stewart, Extension Educator, Family and Consumer Sciences, Ohio State University Extension, Monroe County.

February is the Month of Love!

four hearts on strings

As a Registered Dietitian, I love when February rolls around! I break out my wardrobe of red and heart themes to raise awareness of heart disease and best practices to take care of your heart in honor of American Heart Month. 

In January of this year, we learned of a new study led by researchers from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health revealing people who consume higher amounts of olive oil may lower their risk of premature death overall from specific causes including cardiovascular disease.  According to this study, swapping out the butter or other artery-clogging fats in your diet may add years to your life. 

This study revealed that individuals consuming more than a ½ tablespoon of olive oil daily are less likely to die from heart disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s or lung disease when compared to people who consume less of this healthy fat.

Researchers encourage individuals to pay attention to their overall diet quality and lifestyle. A key factor is to add olive oil into the diet as a substitution for other, unhealthier fats. Olive oil is rich in healthy antioxidants, polyphenols, and vitamins and is a good source of heart-healthy monounsaturated fats.

After this study was revealed, a great discussion was held with my colleagues.  We were encouraged by the results of this new information and began examining how to add more olive oil into our diets.

We determined that replacing a fat is different from adding one to your diet, and one of the easiest ways to replace butter and other animal fats is with olive oil. To make an easy transition and introduce olive oil into our diets, if a recipe contains butter, cut out half the butter and replace it with olive oil. Introducing more olive oil into our diets can also be accomplished with using infused olive oil to flavor whole grains, vegetables, and proteins, or by  dipping bread into olive oil bread dip. This easy and healthy dip is made by combining high quality extra virgin olive oil (richer in flavor and intended for dipping) with spices such as garlic powder, oregano, rosemary, basil, or crushed red pepper flakes. Use a crusty bread or Artisan loaf for dipping.

Living heart-healthy involves understanding your risk, making choices, and taking steps to reduce your chances of getting heart disease. By taking these preventive measures, you can lower your risk of developing heart disease and improve your overall health and well-being.

Written by:       Beth Stefura, RD,LD, Family and Consumer Sciences Educator, Mahoning County,                The Ohio State University, stefura.2@osu.edu

Reviewed by:     Jenny Lobb, RD,LD, Family and Consumer Sciences Educator, Franklin County, The Ohio State University, lobb.3@osu.edu

References

American College of Cardiology (2022). Higher olive oil intake associated with lower risk of CVD mortality. Science Daily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/01/220110145249.htm

American Heart Association (2021). Saturated Fat. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/fats/saturated-fats

Gordon, B. (2021). Choose Healthy Fats. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. https://www.eatright.org/food/nutrition/dietary-guidelines-and-myplate/choose-healthy-fats

Palmer, S. (2011). Olive Oil California Style! This Golden-Green Liquid Is Fragrant, Flavorful, and Bursting With Heart Health Benefits. Today’s Dietitian. https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/100111p30.shtml

Webb, D. (2013). Phytochemicals’ Role in Good Health. Today’s Dietitian. https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/090313p70.shtml.

Benefits of Being a Bird Nerd

Last year, I transformed into a self-proclaimed bird nerd. The change started in the spring of 2020 when I started working from home because of COVID. I placed my desk next to a window and in April, I noticed a robin building a nest. Watching the robin sit on her nest for hours upon hours was fascinating and I was quickly hooked.

In May, bluebirds visited my suburban backyard for the first time and after putting up a bluebird house, we hosted the pair of bluebirds and their 3 adorable babies several weeks later. I was fascinated by the whole process, from the nesting, feeding, and successful fledging (developing wing feathers that are large enough for flight). I cheered the first day the babies flew out of their box and also experienced sadness when they left their house for good. My sorrow was quickly replaced with joy when a pair of Baltimore orioles passed through for a couple of days. I was enthralled watching the colorful birds eat the grape jelly I set out. Summer brought ruby-throated hummingbirds and warblers. This winter, I am enjoying a barred owl who lives nearby and occasionally graces me with his majestic presence.

Picture of a Barred Owl by Laura Stanton.
Barred Owl
Photo by Laura M. Stanton

Although the joy of birding happens right outside my window most days, whenever possible, I safely visit different habitats to expand the variety of birds to watch. Whether I am inside or outside, I notice so much more than just the birds. I notice positive changes happening within.

The benefits I have experienced from watching our feathered friends have been confirmed by research. Why is birding good for your health? Watching birds:

  • Promotes mindfulness. Mindfulness is paying attention on purpose, in the moment, and without judgment. Whether you are birding inside or out, you are in the “here and now” which has been shown to decrease stress, anxiety, and rumination, and improve attention, memory, and focus. In addition, mindfulness can reduce chronic pain.
  • Requires stealth and silence. Spending time in silence lowers blood pressure, increases blood flow, and enhances sleep. Silence can also be therapeutic for depression.
  • Encourages meditation. During meditation, you eliminate the “noise” in your mind, creating a sense of calm and peace that benefits your emotional well-being and your overall health.
  • Relies on your sense of sight and hearing. A study found that just listening to bird song contributes to perceived attention restoration and stress recovery. Click here to listen to a sample of common bird songs.
  • Prevents nature-deficit disorder, a phenomenon related to the growing disconnect between humans and the natural world. Americans, on average, spend approximately 90% of their time indoors.
  • Benefits your heart. Regular exposure to nature is associated with improvements in cardiovascular disease and longevity.
  • Stimulates a sense of gratitude, which is strongly and consistently associated with greater happiness.

Sources
Carter, S. (2016). Nature deficit disorder. Live Smart Ohio. Retrieved from https://livesmartohio.osu.edu/mind-and-body/carter-413osu-edu/nature-deficit-disorder   

Louv, R. (2008). Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder. Algonquin Books: Chapel Hill, NC.

Powers-Barker, P. (2016). Introduction to mindfulness. Ohioline. Retrieved from
https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/hyg-5243

Stanton, L. M. (2020). Barred Owl. JPEG file.

Stanton, L. M. (2020). Noises off: The benefits of silence. Live Smart Ohio. Retrieved from
https://livesmartohio.osu.edu/mind-and-body/stanton-60osu-edu/noises-off-the-benefit-of-silence

Written by Laura M. Stanton, Family and Consumer Sciences Educator, Ohio State University Extension, Warren County, stanton.60.osu.edu

Reviewed by Misty Harmon, Family and Consumer Sciences Educator, Ohio State University Extension, Perry County, harmon.416@osu.edu