Diamides

Anthranilic Diamides Can Potentially Replace Neonicotinoid Seed Treatments in Vegetable Crops
Diamide | 10465-78-8 | Sigma-Aldrich(1)

Diamides are a novel class of insecticide that work via ryanodine (RyR) receptors, a family of receptors responsible for regulation of intracellular calcium via calcium channels (3).

  • Source: chemically synthesized, not naturally occurring
  • Biotransformation: None known; exhibit effects in calcium channels in original chemical form
  • Toxicokinetics: Diamides selectively target insect RyR receptors, inhibiting calcium channel function, leading to muscle contraction and paralysis soon after.
  • Carcinogenicity: No known effects in humans; does not show acute toxicity when administered orally, topically or via inhalation; is not an eye or skin irritant
New and selective ryanodine receptor activators for insect control - ScienceDirect(2)
  • Mechanism of Action: Diamides act in insect ryanodine receptors, calcium channels in insects. The action of diamides causes dysfunction of these channels, leading to paralysis and eventual death by asphyxiation or starvation (4).
  • Target: muscles in insects
  • Signs and symptoms of toxicity: In insects, muscle contraction is seen followed by paralysis caused by a consequential inability to move muscles.
  • Historical or unique exposures: A 26-year-old man in India attempted suicide via diamide insecticide ingestion. He was unconscious and put on a ventilator after arrival at the hospital. He received intervention treatment and was discharged after one week. The patient would have likely died due to respiratory depression without medical intervention (5). The cause of the toxic reaction in this case remains unknown.
  • Treatments: There are no available treatments for diamide poisoning since human toxicity is not seen.

References:

  1. Diamide: Sigma-Aldrich. 10465-78-8. (n.d.). https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/d3648.
  2. The Mode Of Action of Diamides and Other Lepidopteran … (n.d.). https://irac-online.org/content/uploads/DBM_Workshop_Diamide_MOA_Rotation.pdf.
  3. Vasiliou, V., & Petersen, D. R. (n.d.). Diamide. Diamide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/nursing-and-health-professions/diamide.
  4. (PDF) DIAMIDES: MODE OF ACTION AND INSECT RESISTANCE. ResearchGate. (n.d.). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341586670_DIAMIDES_MODE_OF_ACTION_AND_INSECT_RESISTANCE.
  5. (PDF) A Case of Suicidal Attempt with Chlorantraniliprole. (n.d.). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314163893_A_Case_of_Suicidal_Attempt_with_Chlorantraniliprole.