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The Problem with Climate Change

I just came from a talk by Michael Mann, stalwart on the front lines of the climate wars for the past two decades and author, most recently, of The Madhouse Effect.  I admire his work, and his courage, whole-heartedly. His willingness not to be cowed by the forces of reaction is an example to us all.  At the same time, I came away disappointed by the talk, and the message, which boiled down to “climate denialism is keeping us from embracing solutions to climate change. It’s not too late, and change can come quickly–maybe as soon as the next election.”

With due respect, and at serious risk of being misunderstood, I wanted to stand up and say: climate change is not the problem.  It’s not “a” problem, and it has no solution.  It is an inescapable condition. I would not say that it is an existential threat, nor a “national security threat,” as Mann suggested.  It is, I would say, a threat at the scale of planetary civilization, which is at least one reason why framing it as “a problem” is inadequate.  Suggesting that change could come quickly is, at the very least, glib, as Mann admitted afterwards when acknowledging the necessity of protest and post-electoral mobilization.  Those who are thinking in terms of radical solutions–climate justice, revolutionary politics–have a better sense of the scale required, although their fascination with late 19C images of party-led political change constitute an imaginative safety net or straitjacket.

Climate change is not the problem.  So long as “climate” is an object of scientific knowledge, it will manifest the mirage of being an object of technological manipulation and control: hence geo-engineering.  Technoscience is so deeply embedded in the culture that scientists and engineers are siblings, if not joined at the hip.  Construing the climate as a single object of indubitable reality, rather than (as Latour suggests) a laboriously assembled construct coordinating and allowing for commensuration between disparate research programs, forms of evidence, analytic and synthetic protocols and forms of disciplined argumentation–an evolving project of global-scale cooperation–entrenches a sense of self-righteous knowingness and cognitive superiority that is ultimately at odds with democratic logic.

“The problem”–if we have to use that term–is that there are a multitude of problems, local in specific effect and bound to inherited political orders.  There is no singular “solution:”  as Mann acknowledged, climate change is only one, rapidly moving dimension in the “space” of sustainability.  Sustainability is the name of the game, and the size of the lifeboat–the moral order of the lifeboat–is up for debate (“problematic”).  There will be–there already has been–blood.

Climate change poses a civilizational threat, not only at the level of daily life and political priorities, but at the level of institutions and imaginaries.  If I had to frame it, I would say that the problem is: how can a civilization based on freedom become one that embraces justice?  That “frame” is unavoidably prophetic, aimed at foundations that are not, ultimately, graspable in individual terms.  What would it even mean for a civilization to “embrace” justice?

Untimely Meditations after Technology

This morning, I finally got to read the cover article in last Sunday’s NYTimes Magazine, “Beyond the Bitcoin Bubble.” In the piece, Steven Johnson describes the architecture of the Internet as two-storied: a layer of closed and capitalized proprietary systems (Google, Facebook, Twitter–with Apple somewhere between) stacked on top of a layer of open-source protocols (http, tcp/ip, etc) developed as a commons.  He makes the case that blockchain technology, using cryptocurrencies as tokens of value, can move us back toward a more decentralized, distributed system, ending with this rousing conclusion: “If you think the internet is not working in its current incarnation, you can’t change the system through think-pieces and F.C.C. regulations alone.  You need new code.”

It’s hard to dissent from the proposition that the existing internet is dysfunctional, amplifying and exaggerating underlying social fissures and psycho-political pathologies.  And no doubt the third-generation engineers Johnson hangs out with are technically brilliant and well-intentioned.  Besides brushing aside some of the awkward complications–the staggering energy demands of blockchain tech, the “goon squad of charlatans, false prophets and mercenaries…looking to make an overnight fortune”–Johnson’s once-more-into-the-breach story of heroic bands of coders united against the Forces of Darkness (Juan Benet’s Protocol Labs HQ calls itself Rivendell (“it’s not a very good Rivendell”)) feels a bit hackneyed, with a better world for all–egalitarian, communitarian, entrepreneurial–coming just after the next ICO.

In part, it’s the thinness of the social analysis that exasperates: both layers of protocol are based on abstracted models of politics, psychology, society and economics–Johnson insightfully compares them to “constitutions”–so that the corrective is imagined as a technical fix (“You need new code”), a re-design or reb00t, rather than a shifting of basic assumptions about the relation between real and virtual worlds.  So, for instance, a modal problem is taken to be one of data privacy, leading to the idea that I should control my data and be rewarded for contributing it (Jarod Lanier’s model).  The real work, Johnson suggests, is technical rather than political or conceptual (think pieces and FCC regulations): the hacker as heroic agent.

What strikes me, though, is the model of sociality that is available to the digital geniuses busy redesigning this infrastructure (Vitaly Buterin was 19, Amanda Gutterman of ConsenSys is 26) as they work through questions of trust and security.  Are we to believe that programs emerging from frat-house libertarianism and MBA slogans about collaborative capitalism are going to correct the dynamics of a system based on iterated models of mutual disruption and attack (“Bitcoin is a billion-dollar bugbounty”) are going to prove “better” or more satisfying in some durable sense?  That mono-generational incubators are going to produce more socially sensitive and responsible programs, applications and networks, somehow undoing the baked-in elitism of “crypto-communities”?

No doubt this reaction is an effect of my age (“There’s something happening here, and you don’t know what it is…”).  But, I respond, that script of generational cluelessness is itself an effect of consumer capitalism, the promise of ever-renewed novelty, and the general erosion and marginalization of social ties beyond desiring “self-optimization.”

Those incubators are the social progeny of education as dis-embedding, higher education as emancipation, grad school as empowering specialization.  Thus, Facebook imagines the world through the prism of freshman year, Twitter sees it as an endless popularity contest among smart-alecks, Snapchat as mimetic contagion, the exchange of poses…

NYTimes Bitcoin Page