- Schuman, Howard. “Elite revisionists and popular beliefs: Christopher Columbus, hero or villain?” Oxford University Press. Web. 16 Feb. 2018. http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4&sid=02b4353c-128d-45e9-aa2d-958dac6abb72%40pdc-v-sessmgr01&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=psyh&AN=2005-02887-001
Note: “[H]e met up with Native Americans and he slaughtered them.”
Abstract: According to revisionist historians and American Indian activists. Christopher Columbus deserves condemnation for having brought slaver, disease, and death to America’s indigenous peoples.
- Fernández-Armesto, Felipe. “Columbus – Hero or villain?” History Today. Web. 16 Feb. 2018. http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=7&sid=02b4353c-128d-45e9-aa2d-958dac6abb72%40pdc-v-sessmgr01&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=503098310&db=hft
Note: “First, there was the issue of Columbus’ actitvities as a slaver. Coming from a Genoese background, Columbus never understood Spanish scruples about slaver, which had been characterized as an unnatural estate in the most influential medieval Spanish law-code…”
Abstract: A special issue commemorating the quincentenary of Columbus’s first voyage to the Americas.
- Tinker, Tink. Freeland, Mark. “Thief, Slave Trader, Murderer: Christopher Columbus and Caribbean Population Decline.” University of Minnesota Press. Web. 16 Feb. 2018 http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=14&sid=02b4353c-128d-45e9-aa2d-958dac6abb72%40pdc-v-sessmgr01&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=32015187&db=a9h
Note: That Columbus, or Crist6bal Col6n (to give him his proper spanish name), was a slave trader is a matter of historical fact. He cut his nautical teeth sailing under a portugese flag engaged in the african slave trade a dozen years before 1492. When easy wealth in the form of gold proved not readily available in the Caribbean, Col6n resumed his slavetrading occupation by loading the holds of his ships with Indian human cargo headed for the slave market in Seville.
Abstract: An essay is presented on Christopher Columbus’ role in the death of an estimated half million Taino Indians in Española during his tenure as governor of the islong from 1492-1500.
- Howarth, William. “Putting Columbus in his place” Southwest Review. Web. Feb 16, 2018. http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=24&sid=02b4353c-128d-45e9-aa2d-958dac6abb72%40pdc-v-sessmgr01&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=9605304508&db=lkh
Note: When he came ashore on October 12 (with his escriviano, or clerk-purser), Columbus took possession of Guanahani by reciting prayers, reading formal declarations, and giving “testimonials made there in writing.” These scribal rites concluded, he distributed red caps and glass beads to the natives, thinking they were “better . . . converted to our Holy Faith by love than force.”
Abstract: Focuses on Christopher Columbus’ discovery of America.
- Sturvetant, William C. “The Journal of Christopher Columbus/Natural History of the West Indies” Ethnohistory. Web. 16 Feb, 2018. http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=27&sid=02b4353c-128d-45e9-aa2d-958dac6abb72%40pdc-v-sessmgr01&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=7683464&db=sih
Note: Christopher Columbus’ Journal as survived from an Abstract.
Abstract: Reviews the books ‘The Journal of Christopher Columbus’ translated by Cecil Jane with an appendix by R.A. Skelton and ‘Natural History of the West Indies’