Columbus research sources
savage brutality
- Slavery
- When Worlds Collide
Not only Europeans came over; soon Africans began arriving in great numbers, as slaves. They were brought in, at first, to work the sugar plantations springing up on the islands of the Caribbean; the local population was found to be unsuitable for the work–or, in many instances, had been decimated by disease.
Auchincloss, K. “When Worlds Collide. (Cover Story).” Newsweek, vol. 118, no. 10, 9/1/1991, p. 8. EBSCOhost,
- Murderer
- Columbus Facts vs Fiction
Columbus made four voyages to the Caribbean in a twelve-year period (1492-1504), spending from only seven months to two years and nine months (including the year he was shipwrecked on his fourth voyage.) It is inconceivable that he could have killed millions of people in so short a time.
“Columbus Facts vs Fiction”
https://www.osia.org/documents/Columbus05_factvsfiction.pdf
- His discovery
- Christopher Columbus and his legacy
Europeans were not the only people to initiate voyages of discovery. The peoples of North Africa and Asia, long before the 15th century, had sailed into unknown seas and explored distant lands.
Dr Thomas C Tirado, “Christopher Columbus and his legacy”, 2/17/2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/columbus_legacy_01.shtml
- When Worlds Collide
that if Columbus hadn’t set sail in 1492, some other European voyager would have made the trip soon afterward. The key point is that whoever made the first crossing and whenever it occurred, the consequences for the people of the Western Hemisphere would not have been much different.
Auchincloss, K. “When Worlds Collide. (Cover Story).” Newsweek, vol. 118, no. 10, 9/1/1991, p. 8. EBSCOhost,
- He inspired a wave of explorers and adventurers to head west.
Auchincloss, K. “When Worlds Collide. (Cover Story).” Newsweek, vol. 118, no. 10, 9/1/1991, p. 8. EBSCOhost, proxy.lib.ohio-state.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=9110214265&site=ehost-live.
Achievement
- His Skills
- Christopher Columbus and his legacy
The routes he took to and from the newly found lands are the ones we still use; his choice of the Atlantic Canary Current was pure genius.
Dr Thomas C Tirado, “Christopher Columbus and his legacy”, 2/17/2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/columbus_legacy_01.shtml
- Christopher Columbus and his legacy
He was also an excellent ship’s captain, and his use of dead reckoning was so accurate that he could return to the faraway ports discovered on his earlier voyages.
Dr Thomas C Tirado, “Christopher Columbus and his legacy”, 2/17/2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/columbus_legacy_01.shtml
- Columbus exchange
- Christopher Columbus and his legacy
the exchange of plants and animals, of diseases, of human beings and of cultures – and its intellectual impact
Dr Thomas C Tirado, “Christopher Columbus and his legacy”, 2/17/2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/columbus_legacy_01.shtml
- Christopher Columbus biography
The horse from Europe allowed Native American tribes in the Great Plains of North America to shift from a nomadic to a hunting lifestyle. Foods from the Americas such as potatoes, tomatoes and corn became staples of Europeans and helped increase their populations. Wheat from Europe and the Old World fast became a main food source for people in the Americas. Coffee from Africa and sugar cane from Asia became major cash crops for Latin American countries.
“Christopher Columbus biography”, 11/16/2016, http://www.biography.com/people/christopher-columbus-9254209
- Discover the land
- Christopher Columbus and his legacy
The peoples of North Africa and Asia, long before the 15th century, had sailed into unknown seas and explored distant lands. These discoveries, however, for the most part, either were kept secret to protect lucrative trade routes or resulted in only small additions to a larger picture. And before the time of the printing press, which led to the great expansion of learning at the time of the European Renaissance (roughly 1400 to 1550), the discoveries were known only within limited regions of the world.
Dr Thomas C Tirado, “Christopher Columbus and his legacy”, 2/17/2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/columbus_legacy_01.shtml
- Conflicts
- Columbus–Hero or Villain
There were, however, some charges against Columbus which anticipated the objections of modern detractors, who scrutinize his record from the natives’ point of view, or who look at it from the perspective of fashionably ecological priorities.
that he had disastrously misjudged the natives’ intentions in supposing them to be peaceful
Fernandez-Armesto, F. “Columbus–Hero or Villain?.” History Today, vol. 42, no. 5, May 1992, p. 4. EBSCOhost, proxy.lib.ohio-state.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=9205183670&site=ehost-live.