Question 1
(d) Both A & C
Estrogen and progesterone are hormones involved in the menstrual cycle which causes proliferation of endometrial tissue. Aldosterone is not correct as it is a hormone that signals the kidneys to retain sodium and water and is, therefore, unrelated to endometriosis
Question 2
(b) “A laparoscopic procedure where a small piece of tissue is removed and biopsied is the way to diagnose endometriosis”
A blood draw can aid in diagnosis by looking at elevated inflammatory markers as well as iron deficiency from bleeding, a pelvic exam may reveal masses, and an ultrasound can also reveal masses outside of the uterus formed by endometrial tissue. However, the only way to definitely diagnose endometriosis is to laparoscopically remove some tissue to confirm that it is endometrial tissue.
Question 3
(d) Peripheral arterial disease
Peripheral arterial disease should not be considered as it is a condition that limits blood flow to extremities causing pain in the legs with activity. PIV, ovarian cysts, and ovarian cancer should be considered as they all can cause pain within the pelvic region.
Question 4
(b) Patient had her tonsils and adenoids removed during childhood
Having tonsils and adenoids removed is a common childhood procedure that is often conducted to reduce tonsil infections. This does not affect the reproductive organs including the uterus and endometrial tissue. However, endometriosis does have a genetic predisposition and is often associated with painful menstruation as well as starting menstruation at a young age.
Question 5
(c) “Endometriosis is a condition where endometrial tissue is found outside of the uterus”
Endometriosis is a condition where endometrial tissue is found outside of the uterus and it breaks down causing inflammation along with other pathologies. Endometriosis is not a cancerous condition, the uterus does not prolapse out of the body through the vaginal canal, and it is not an infection nor is it communicable from person to person. However, there can be a genetic predisposition to the disorder.