1）Schuman, Howard, et al. “Elite Revisionists and Popular Beliefs: Christopher Columbus, Hero or Villain? | Public Opinion Quarterly | Oxford Academic.” OUP Academic, Oxford University Press, 1 Jan. 2005, academic.oup.com/poq/article-abstract/69/1/2/1911565.
Observations and Excerpts: “According to revisionist historians and American Indian activists, Christopher Columbus deserves condemnation for having brought slavery, disease, and death to America’s indigenous peoples.” The author did some research to find public’s opinions about Columbus.
Abstact: Many countries in South America and Spain commemorate Columbus’s landing on Americas on October 12, 1492. Remember that when I was in high school, “Columbus discovered the New World in 1492” seems to be a great historical event in my textbook; Maybe it is the same in European and American history books. In the perspective of Europeans, Americans, and descendants of Europeans all over the world—even most of Chinese, Columbus is a great hero in human history. However, is he really a great hero as people said? It is a mystery which many historians keep discussing.
2）History.com Staff. “Christopher Columbus.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009, www.history.com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbus.
Observations and Excerpts: “The explorer Christopher Columbus made four trips across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain: in 1492, 1493, 1498 and 1502. He was determined to find a direct water route west from Europe to Asia, but he never did. Instead, he accidentally stumbled upon the Americas. Though he did not really “discover” the New World—millions of people already lived there—his journeys marked the beginning of centuries of transatlantic conquest and colonization.”
Abstract: Before Christopher Columbus arrived, a branch of humanity had lived on the American continent for years. They domesticated and cultivated crops such as corn, soybeans, potatoes, zucchini, cotton and so on. There are different tribes and kingdoms on that land—many of them have a highly developed culture. Most importantly, the native people on the American continent helped Columbus and his crew when they were in trouble. However, those native people didn’t get goodwill returns. Columbus and his crew thought those native people were much more inferior to them. They killed them for no reason, transported them to Europe as slaves, and exhibited them as rare animals.