Patient Case

A 4 year old female presented to the ER with increased WOB, moderate substernal/subcostal retractions, and rhinorrhea for 2 days. She hasn’t had much of an appetite for the past 24 hours, and has a dry nonproductive cough. Upon physical examination the physician notes anterior/posterior wheezing bilaterally, tachypnea (RR 40), and an SpO2 of 92%, and axillary temperature 99.2 °F. Patient reports dyspnea and is holding her chest. She is unable to talk in full sentences. 

Past Medical & Surgical History

  • Eczema
  • Full term (40 weeks)
  • No pertinent surgical history
  • Environmental allergies 

Pertinent Social History

  • Lives with mother and father
  • Attends preschool 
  • Favorite activity is swimming 

Imaging and Lab Results

  • Chest x-ray: interpretation shows bronchial thickening, hyperinflation and focal atelectasis 
  • FARVPP: negative swab test
  • Sputum culture: came back negative for bacterial infection 

Pertinent Family History 

  • Father and mother smokers for 10+ years, inside and outside of home 
  • Mother has environmental allergies, takes daily anti-histamine 
  • Paternal grandfather passed of lung cancer 
  • No family history of maternal grandparents