1) Where is mucus produced in the lungs?
A. Pharynx
B. Alveolar ducts
D. Trachea
D. Submucosal gland
Rationale: Mucous forms in the submucosal gland (D) of the bronchi. Alveolar ducts are a subdivision of bronchi, however, no mucus is produced here as the submucosal gland is in the bronchi before the division occurs. The trachea and larynx do not produce mucus. However, they do see mucus when they there is rhythmically beating pushing mucous towards upward from bronchi.
2) What are Clinical Manifestations of Asthma? (Select all that apply)
A. Non-Productive dry cough
B. Stridor
C. Prolonged expiration
D. Clubbing
E. Pulsus Paradoxus
Rationale: A,C,and E are all clinical manifestations of Asthma. (B) Stridor is more indicative of foreign body aspiration, croup, or tracheomalacia. (D) Clubbing is associated with diseases that have chronic hypoxemia, such as cystic fibrosis, Interstitial lung disease, or Tetralogy of Fallot.
3.) What is a risk factor for developing asthma?
A. Underweight
B. Family History
C. Older in age
D. Never smoked
Rationale: Risk factors include family history, being overweight, and having a history of smoking. Asthma is more common in children than in older adults.
4.) What is the hallmark symptom of Croup?
A. Productive cough
B. Stridor
C. Fever
D. Wheezing
Rationale: B: Stridor is the hallmark symptom of croup (A); productive cough is a symptom of bronchitis (C); fever is associated with pneumonia or bacterial infection (D); and wheezing is indicative of asthma.
5.) The Westley Score measures the accumulation of which symptoms in assessing the severity of croup? (Select all that apply)
A. Productive cough
B. Dyspnea
C. Retractions
D. Stridor
E. Cyanosis
F. Air entry
Rationale: B, C, D, E, and F are all assessments measured by the Westley score to evaluate severity of croup. (A) productive cough is a clinical manifestation of bronchitis.