In my last post I talked about how Carolina Chickadee songs have changed (or not) in Columbus and the surrounding areas over the past ~60 years. This post takes a different perspective on how Carolina Chickadee songs can vary: over geographic space. If you were paying close attention in the last post, you may have gotten a sense of geographic variation in song even on a scale as small as Columbus – some songs only appeared in certain areas during certain time periods.
One major component of my dissertation here at OSU has been to quantify how Carolina chickadee songs vary over their entire range, the southeastern United States, and compare this variation to geographic variation in their sister species, the Black-capped Chickadee. Despite Carolina Chickadees being very common birds, not many recordings of their songs were archived in museum collections for me to use. The Borror Lab had the most recordings, but the vast majority of those were made in Ohio.
So in spring of 2014 I embarked on an expedition to record as many Carolina Chickadees in as many different places as possible. Over 5 and a half weeks (divided into three trips), I drove about 6,000 miles through 22 states and recorded over 120 chickadees.
Sample locations during recording trip in 2014
Below are samples of some of the atypical songs that I recorded on my trip. The full Carolina chickadee range is shaded in orange. All the spectrograms shown are on the same scale, so you can directly compare them to one another (the upper limit of each spectrogram image is about 10 kHz). Not included are songs or spectrograms of the typical alternating high-low-high-low Carolina chickadee song, which was also present at most sample locations.
- Newark, Delaware
2. Kensington, Maryland
3. Asheboro, North Carolina
4. Cartersville, Georgia
5. Camden, Alabama
6. Ajax, Louisiana
7. Meridian, Texas
8. Moyers, Oklahoma
9. Crossville, Tennessee
10. Salem, Missouri
11. Makanda, Illinois
12. Mammoth Cave, Kentucky
About the author: Stephanie Wright Nelson is a graduate student in the department of EEOBiology. She studies song learning in chickadees and is particularly interested in the consequences of hybridization between Carolina and Black-capped Chickadees.
Fascinating post! Ajax, Louisiana, Meridian, Texas, and Makanda, Illinois were my favorites! I’ve read that there is more song variation farther away from the overlap zone. Did you find this to be true in your travels?
I’m glad I found your post on regional variation https://777-pub.com.ph/
Thanks alot for your sharig! I love to read conntent from your blog.
Okebet is your trusted online gaming destination, offering thrilling games, secure transactions, and exciting rewards
Thanks for your sharing! I love this
Ang Nustar ay isang 9-ektarya (22-acre) na integrated resort at c asino facility na matatagpuan sa Kawit Point, South Road Properties, Cebu City, Pilipinas. Ang proyekto, na kinabibilangan ng mga restaurant, bar, mall, convention center, c asino, park, teatro, at hindi bababa sa tatlong hotel, ay isang joint venture ng Pamahalaang Lungsod ng Cebu at Universal Hotels and Resorts, Inc. Bahagyang nagbukas ang proyekto noong 2022.
Thanks for your sharing.
Ang Gold99 ay nakatuon sa pagpapabuti ng kalidad ng mga serbisyo nito at nag-aalok ng iba’t ibang mga tatak ng laro na may iba’t ibang uri at gantimpala, na nagbibigay ng kakaibang karanasan kumpara sa iba.
Many thanks for your sharing!
Ang Filbet ay isang kagalang-galang na online betting platform sa Pilipinas.
Thanks for your sharing
Website : https://ii89.ph/
I’ve been looking for an answer like this and yours exceeds all my expectationsKrikya, the best online gaming platform in Bangladesh, offers a wide range of online games, including live sports betting, slots, and more.
I’m glad I found your post on regional variation. I live in Norman, Oklahoma, and I’ve been hearing what sounds like a three note whistle (High Low … Lower) with a pause between the second and third note. But after listening to your examples from Oklahoma and Missouri, I’m convinced that it’s actually a four-note whistle whose third very high pitched note I’m not able to hear.
https://789alo.pro/ 789alo is currently recognized as a leading reward entertainment venue in Asia. Every day, this brand attracts hundreds of thousands of downloads and visitors to participate in betting. The publisher owns its own store of top-notch games with Asian-class quality to meet all the entertainment needs of customers globally. If you are planning to participate in betting here, you should not miss this article!
https://18win1.org/ 18win is currently one of the units with the most regular number of players participating every day. Here, you will not only experience top entertainment products but also have the opportunity to become a billionaire if you are lucky. Our following article will help you better understand this platform before registering to participate.
https://n6666.org/ N666 is currently at the top of the list of the world’s most quality online companies. This brand is present in the Vietnamese market and is well received by many players. To understand more about why, please refer to the basic article we are about to share below.
I’m truly impressed with Nhà Cái Red88 how this article breaks down and explains the aspects of the topic. Everything is explained in a scientific yet accessible way, making it easy for readers like me to grasp and apply in real life. This is a highly valuable read!
Thank you to the author for presenting such a useful and comprehensive article. The content is clearly written, easy to understand, and backed by real-world examples, which makes me trust the information shared. This is definitely a great reference! Nhà cái Bet88
This article is truly valuable with its rich information and logical, coherent explanations. I really appreciate the author’s thorough research, as the points made are well-analyzed and persuasive Nhà cái GO99
I enjoyed reading this article it offers valuable insights and the content is well organized and thorough 98win
This is a very good article I found it valuable it helped me vf http://shbet111.net/
This article is of great value. kudos to the author lk https://33win.camp/
This is a great insightful article I love it ip http://hello88.vegas/
Thank you to the author for presenting such a useful and comprehensive article. The content is clearly written, easy to understand, and backed by real-world examples, which makes me trust the information shared. This is definitely a great reference! https://pg88.black/
Thanks to the author for a clear, useful, and well-supported article. It’s a trustworthy and great reference! https://bet88.ventures/
Grateful to the author for delivering a concise, valuable, and well-supported piece. It’s reliable and a fantastic resource! https://rr88.pink/
Great insights in this article thanks for putting it out there gw Jun88
Thank you for sharing this valuable information a 77bet
The article is very high quality I will share it hl FCB88
Thanks to the author for sharing such a helpful article. The content is clear https://lodeonline.solar/
I appreciate the author for providing such a detailed and insightful article. https://xxin88.com/the-thao/
Grateful to the author for delivering such a valuable and in-depth article! https://bongdalu.solar/
this is the best answer i have ever heard nổ hũ 23win good game
this is the best answer i have ever heard game bài 23win love life
Why did I just find out about this great article now lk ABC8 social is my love
Thank you for this good article it explains everything https://vipfb88.com/
Thank you for this great article https://nhatvip.villas/
Thanks for sharing this wonderful piece https://99ok.buzz/
This was such a captivating read, and I wanted to express my thanks. https://may88.moda/
I truly enjoyed this and wanted to thank you for the effort you put into it. https://good88.exchange/
This was an excellent read, and I appreciate you taking the time to write it. https://shbet.law/
Very intriguing Exactly what I had hoped to find https://iwinbet88.com/
Super helpful Just the information I was after https://five88.villas/
Fantastic details Precisely what I was looking for https://j88hatomi.com/
Really engaging info Perfect match for what I needed https://98win.forex/
Such fascinating information Just what I was hoping to find https://abc8.irish/
Great insight Exactly the kind of thing I needed https://cwin8386.com/
Spot on This is exactly what I was after https://33winbee.com/
This info is incredibly useful Exactly what I was hoping for https://good88.wedding/
This is just what I was hoping for – very helpful. https://ww88abo.com/
Exactly what I needed this is so useful. https://98win.pink/
The information provided is spot on and very beneficial. https://abc8bc.shop/
This is precisely the kind of detail I was looking for. https://yeu88.red/
I really appreciate what I learned here iuw 23win joushua filler
This article is highly informative iop 77win
This content is perfect – exactly what I was hoping to find. https://hello88.gratis/
It’s incredibly beneficial and precisely what I was after. https://abc8.foundation/
nothing is more important than knowledge thank you 98win
This information meets my expectations and is highly valuable. https://789winmb.com/
Very insightful and exactly what I wanted to find. https://8386ww88.com/
Just the kind of detail I was searching for; highly practical. https://thabeta.com/
Perfectly suited to what I was looking for; very informative. https://88clb.market/
Perfectly suited to what I was looking for; very informative. 88clb
This is highly practical and exactly what I needed. https://gk88.vc/
The details here are exactly what I was hoping to come across. https://789winn.mobi/
Just what I wanted to find; insightful and useful. https://98win.claims/
Precisely what I was searching for; this is very informative. kuwin.gg
This is exactly the kind of useful information I needed. https://gk88.photo/
The perfect response to what I was hoping for – truly helpful. http://88clb.deal/
Pututogel has something for everyone. Pututogel
The exact kind of useful insight I was searching for. https://ok9.mom/
This is just what I needed – very comprehensive and helpful. https://789clubb.la/
Exactly aligned with what I wanted; truly beneficial. https://zbet8.org/
This meets my requirements perfectly; very valuable. WW88
This matches exactly what I was searching for and is very helpful. https://88vin.ing/
Highly valuable information and precisely what I wanted to find. https://18windo.cfd/
This is exactly the valuable information I was seeking. https://b52clubdo.com/
The perfect information I’ve been looking for! https://69vnnet.vip/
Exactly what I needed to find; this is great. https://79win.ing/
This is the kind of valuable insight I was hoping to discover. fb88
Truly valuable details, just as I had hoped to find. https://vvvwinlt.com/
This is precisely the answer I needed. https://23winlt.com/
Completely aligned with my expectations; very helpful. ABC 8
Exactly the kind of information I’ve been hunting for! RED88
I couldn’t have asked for a more perfect response. https://789club.college/
Exactly what I wanted—this is highly valuable. https://99ok.feedback/
This is just the kind of value I was hoping to get. https://88clblink.com/
Just what I needed this information is incredibly useful. https://hello88com.wtf/
This is the precise knowledge I’ve been searching for. https://ww88.cruises/
Thank you for the insightful article I had been caught in a loop with this challenge but your solution has given me the clarity and direction to finally make progress DEBET
Exactly the kind of insight I was hoping to find. abc8 com
This is right on point and exactly what I was looking for. https://fun88dl.vip/
Couldn’t have found a more suitable answer thank you https://kuwinn.cc/
This is exactly the detailed information I needed. https://789betgreen.com/
This is a highly valuable response just what I wanted. https://hello88.international/
Just the clarification I was hoping to receive. https://qq88.works/
This is the information I been trying to track down https://8888b.fun/
This perfectly answers my question very valuable. 88CLB
Exactly what I had in mind thank you so much https://pdphotoblog.com/
Couldn’t have asked for better this is spot on trang chủ 789bet
This is the exact information I was after. https://cwin886.red/
Truly insightful and matches my search perfectly. https://sv66.express/
This is truly the best answer I could have found, so clear and incredibly helpful. https://69vn15com.org/
I couldn’t have asked for a better explanation, thank you so much for the detailed response. https://j88com.click/
This answer has addressed my questions perfectly, I’m really impressed. https://qq88.wedding/
Your response is so comprehensive and extremely valuable to me, thank you very much. https://bannermat.com/
This response goes above and beyond what I expected it’s truly exceptional. https://789win.kitchen/
Many thanks for your sharing! I has learned a lot from it
https://www-777pub.com.ph/
I’m genuinely impressed by the depth and clarity of your answer, it’s exactly what I needed. https://88clb.properties/
This is hands down the most accurate and detailed answer I’ve seen thank you for sharing. https://88clbb.baby/
I can’t express how helpful this response is it perfectly solved my problem. https://oxygengame.com/
The way you explained this makes it so much easier to understand truly amazing. https://23win.finance/
I’m genuinely impressed by the depth and clarity of your answer it’s exactly what I needed. https://88clb83.com/
This is a fantastic explanation and it has helped me more than I can say. https://followthegls.com/
I’m so glad I came across this answer it’s detailed clear and very well written. https://j888.art/
Your explanation is spot on and incredibly helpful this is the perfect response. https://77wincom.one/
I’ve been looking for an answer like this and yours exceeds all my expectations. u888 com
This is one of the best answers I’ve read so precise and incredibly useful. https://sin8888.pro/
You’ve made something so complex seem effortless to understand great work. https://vvn88.shop/
Access the link https://tg88.tokyo/ join KG88 in exciting entertainment
Your answer is so thoughtful and well-structured it’s truly a lifesaver. https://viceversaweb.com/
I’m amazed by how well you’ve addressed my question this is beyond helpful. https://acb88.org/
This is the most well-explained and relevant answer I’ve come across thank you so much. https://gk88.to/
Your explanation covers everything I needed in such an easy-to-follow way amazing work. https://kuwin.limited/
This response has made things so much clearer for me it’s truly exceptional. https://abc8x.net/
I’ve been struggling with this for so long and your answer finally makes sense of it all. https://78winn.bar/
The level of detail in your response is incredible it’s exactly what I was looking for. https://chinaepress.com/
You’ve provided such a practical and well-thought-out answer it’s been a huge help. https://33wing.club/
I’m so grateful for this explanation it’s clear concise and incredibly useful. https://23win.singles/
Including the concept of different songs for different places in a report writers to assist pupils can be an imaginative and captivating method to highlight the value of flexibility and how the ideal setting can affect concentration, productivity, and success in general.
This is an outstanding response the clarity and depth of your answer are unmatched. https://kubettcom.net/
Your answer has given me exactly the clarity I needed it’s absolutely perfect. https://kingg88.blog/
This is the kind of answer that truly makes a difference so well-written and helpful. https://ee888.us/
I’ve learned so much from your explanation this is the best answer I could hope for. https://bet88thv.com/
Your explanation was incredibly insightful and I couldn’t have asked for a better answer Thank you so much https://77bet.soccer/
I’ve gained so much clarity from your response it’s truly the best I could hope for https://ww88gray.com/
This explanation exceeded my expectations Thank you for such a detailed and helpful answer https://j88uk.com/
J88 com
la dia chi nha cai uy tin duoc yeu men nam 2024.
Hello88 thuoc top nha cai uy tin co tren 200k tai khoan dang ky moi nam 2025. https://hello88.builders/
789winsite.com cung cap nhieu tro choi phu hop voi moi nguoi choi trong the gioi Online https://789winsite.com/
Bet88 la nha cai ca cuoc truc tuyen uy tin, thanh lap nam 2006 va duoc cap phep boi PAGCOR https://bet88828.com
HUBET la nha cai moi tai thi truong Viet Nam, cung cap cac dich vu giai tri voi cac sieu pham https://hubet.photos/
HitClub San choi giai tri uy tin va dang cap danh cho moi nha https://thecontroversialfiles.net/
69VN dang tao ra con sot lon voi mot bo suu tap tro choi da dang va nhung dich vu dac sac. https://69vn15.world/
Nohu90 la thuong hieu noi bat trong linh vuc giai tri truc tuyen tai Viet Nam https://nohu90m.net/
Go88 da duoc menh danh la thien duong giai tri trong nhieu nam qua. San choi con duoc biet den nhu dia diem uy tin de thanh vien san thuong doi tien that moi ngay https://go88wt.com/
J88 noi bat la mot nen tang giai tri truc tuyen uy tin, noi nguoi choi co the trai nghiem ca cuoc the thao, ban ca cung nhieu tua game hap dan khac http://j88dl.world/
fb88 la nha cai cung cap cac tro choi ca cuoc online giai tri uy tin 2025
Sky88 da tro thanh nen tang ca cuoc dang tin cay hang dau thi truong online, cung cap da dang cac tua game khac nhau tu, the thao cho den slot machine https://sky888.name/
Link bet88 di dau trong linh vuc nha cai the thao uy tin, tin cay.
HDBET la dia chi hang dau trong linh vuc ca cuoc mang den cho nguoi choi mot the gioi day soi dong va doc dao HDBET
VVJL cam on ban da cung cap thong tin tuyet voi
j88 tro thanh website ca cuoc the thao hang dau chau luc.
789p tang phan qua len den 888k cho thanh vien moi
AAAJILI ✔ PINAGKAKATIWALAANG ONLINE GAMING SA PILIPINAS
https://www-aaajili.ph/
33Win Nen tang truc tuyen hang dau mang den trai nghiem dinh cao voi tro choi da dang an toan va thuong hap dan https://33win.boo/
Go99 khuyen mai chao mung tan thu tang qua mien phi 999k
U888 link truy cap nha cai uy tin hang dau khu vuc chau a 2025
J88 la nha cai ca cuoc uy tin chat luong 2025 Link dang ky dang nhap vao nha cai J88 duoc chung toi update lien tuc tai trang chu nha cai uy tin https://j88pro.art/
J88 la nha cai ca cuoc uy tin chat luong 2025 Link dang ky dang nhap vao nha cai J88 duoc chung toi update lien tuc tai trang chu nha cai uy tin https://j88pro.art/
OK365 la nha cai truc tuyen uy tin chuyen cung cap cac san pham ca cuoc da dang nhu the thao slot game va e-sports http://ok365t3.la/
abc8 dang co chuong trinh uu dai tang qua thuong nap 200%, choi ngay tai day!
88CLB la mot nha cai truc tuyen uy tin chuyen cung cap da dang cac san pham ca cuoc nhu the thao ban ca va slot game hap dan http://88clbt3.la/
https://abc8.villas/ la san choi ca cuoc online uy tin, tang qua 88K mien phi
77Win la diem den hang dau cho cong dong dam me ca cuoc tai Viet Nam voi he thong game phong phu bao mat tuyet doi toc do truy cap on dinh suot https://77winn.store/
AOG777 la mot trong nhung nha cai ca cuoc va giai tri hang dau hien nay mang den cho khach hang trai nghiem dang cap cung nhung uu dai hap dan https://aog777.band/
MB66 Nha cai tien phong choi la thang lon
NH88 la trang chu chinh thuc cua nha cai NH88 cung cap nen tang ca cuoc the thao truc tuyen slots game hien dai https://nh881.com/
SS777 is generating a sensation in the Philippine online betting scene, standing out with an exciting blend of innovation and creativity.
Contact:
website: https://www-ss777.ph/
Address: 53 Maria Eva, Quezon City, 1128 Metro Manila, Philippines
Tel: +639 078 430 789
Hastag: #SS777 #SS777login #SS777register #SS777download #SS777app
Welcome to Hello88, where entertainment never stops. Explore a variety of games that challenge your mind and keep you on the edge of your seat. From intellectual puzzles to quick-action games, there’s something for everyone. Whether you’re relaxing at home or looking for excitement, Hello88 has it all. Join today and enjoy endless fun!
cakhiatv dia chi uy tin xem truc tiep bong da full HD
TH777 is currently one of the most trusted online betting platforms in the Philippines, licensed by PAGCOR since August 2023. The website offers a diverse range of exciting games, including online casinos, slot games, fishing games, sports betting, arcade games, and lotteries. With HTTPS security technology and advanced 256-bit SSL encryption (2025), TH777 supports multiple convenient payment methods like GCash, PayMaya, bank transfers, and cryptocurrency transactions.
Contact:
website: https://th7777.net/
Tel: +632587428719
Add: 307 Callejon 2, Pasig, 1600 Metro Manila, Philippines
BET88 nha cai ca cuoc truc tuyen hang dau noi hoi tu hang ngan tro choi hap dan tu the thao slot game den ban ca https://bet88aa.net/
Luckywin la mot nha cai uy tin diem den hang dau cua hang trieu cuoc thu Viet Nam va quoc te
BET88 la nha cai ca cuoc truc tuyen hang dau chuyen cung cap da dang san pham giai tri nhu ca cuoc the thao truc tuyen https://vbet88.pro/
Taya777 was established in 2017, licensed by PAGCOR and has become the leading premium online platform in the Philippines. Main products and services such as: Fish shooting, Live, Sports betting, Cockfighting… In addition, the service and customer care team are always available 24/7.
Website: www-taya777.org
Telephone: +639 079 433 655
Address: 153 Maria Eva, Quezon City, 1128 Metro Manila, Philippines
Hashtag: #taya777, #taya777_ph, #taya777_login, #taya777_register, #taya777_app, #taya777_casino, #taya777_betting
Cong Game Doi Thuong 8US la nen tang giai tri truc tuyen hap dan mang den cho nguoi choi nhieu tro choi thu vi va co hoi nhan thuong gia tri https://8ussite.pro/
“BL777 is the leading online entertainment platform in Asia and the Philippines. We offer a diverse range of betting options, exciting gaming lobbies, and highly competitive odds. Plus, our exclusive promotions for members are regularly updated to maximize your gaming experience. Don’t wait any longer, sign up now and start your journey with BL777!
Address: 154 Osorio St, Tondo, Manila, Metro Manila, 1013, The Philippines
Phone: 0907 843 0344
Website: https://www-bl777.net/
Hashtag: #bl777, #bl777casino, #bl777login, #bl777app, #bl777register, #bl777ph, #bl777bookmaker”
KUBET la nha cai ca cuoc truc tuyen uy tin hang dau 2025 noi bat voi giao dien an tuong he thong bao mat tien tien va dich vu da dang https://kubetutor.com/
TA777 has built a strong position in the gaming sector as an online platform and betting site that fully serves customers in the Philippines and other regions. The platform boasts an extensive selection of games, promotional offers, and seamless transaction security. These factors have helped it to emerge as one of the most prominent online bookmaker destinations.
Website: https://www-ta777.com/
Telephone: +639 039 233 568
Address: 63 Maria Eva, Quezon City, 1128 Metro Manila, Philippines
Hashtag: #ta777, #ta777_ph, #ta777_login, #ta777_register, #ta777_app,
Lodibet is a partner of many famous organizations and software developers in the betting industry. Reputable technical partners such as Evolution, TechPlay Fishing Games, TechPlay Slot Games, Spribe, Vivo Gaming, CQ9 Gaming, Microgaming, InPlay Matrix have cooperated with the brand. Help improve service quality as well as ensure transparency in all transactions.
Address: 158 Osorio St, Tondo, Manila, Metro Manila, 1013, The Philippines
Phone: +639 078 433 655
Website: https://www-lodibet.ph/
Hashtag: #lodibet, #lodibetcasino, #lodibetlogin, #lodibetapp, #lodibetregister, #lodibetph, #lodibetbookmaker
Goal123 la nen tang giai tri truc tuyen uy tin cung cap mot moi truong ca cuoc an toan bao mat cac dich vu giai tri da dang va nhan duoc su ho tro tan tam
JILIBET is the leading reputable online game site in the Philippines, serving more than 10 million players. Jilibet has been licensed to operate in the field of online game by PAGCOR. Join now to experience our services.
Website: https://www-jilibet.net/
Address: 57 Maria Eva, Quezon City, 1128 Metro Manila, Philippines
Telephone: +639 078 430 366
#jilibet, #jilibet_casino, #jilibet_betting, #jilibet_bookmaker, #jilibet_login, #jilibet_register, #jilibet_app
Debet noi tieng uy tin tren toan cau cung cap da dang san pham giai tri tu the thao no hu den da ga Voi giay phep hoat dong quoc te va cac doi tac chien luoc hang dau https://debett.wiki/
thabet kham pha nen tang ca cuoc vo cung hap dan, ty le thang cao
thabet kham pha nen tang ca cuoc vo cung hap dan, ty le thang cao
FC188 Gaming – Login & Download
All gaming enthusiasts find it simple to access FC188 through their account. The app for Android and iOS devices grants you instant access to an entire selection of online games. Your mobile device enables speedy gameplay when used either at home or while traveling. The online platform of FC188 have gained fame because they provide players with exhilarating possibilities to win substantial jackpots.
Website: https://fc188.net.ph/
Telephone: +639 079 433 188
Address: 188 Maria Eva, Quezon City, 1128 Metro Manila, Philippines
#fc188, #fc188_ph, #fc188_login, #fc188_register, #fc188_app,
Online gaming in the Philippines couldn’t be more fascinating and exciting than it is on TMTPLAY. With a wide selection of globally acclaimed games, you are sure to find one that suits your taste. Moreover, we promise a safe and rewarding gaming experience for all our players. So, sign up at TMTPLAY today and receive free rewards exclusive to new user registrations.
Website: https://www-tmtplay.org.ph/
Telephone: +639 079 456 168
Address: 168 Maria Eva, Quezon City, 1128 Metro Manila, Philippines
#tmtplay #tmtplay_ph, #tmtplay_login, #tmtplay_register, #tmtplay_app
ww88 co day du cac tro choi giai tri: Baccarat, no hu, lo de, xo so voi co hoi trung lon
Cảm ơn vì thông tin của bạn
NTO – CHUYÊN THIẾT BỊ HỌP TRỰC TUYẾN
SHOP NOW: https://thietbihop.com/thiet-bi-hoi-nghi/