Mites are notorious for not following the “rules.” For example, we generally teach that you can separate Insects from Arachnids by the number of legs, 3 pairs in insects, 4 pairs in arachnids. Simple, right? Mites are arachnids, and most have 4 pairs of legs, but not all
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- Larval parasitengone mite (Acariformes) with only 3 pairs of legs. The 4th pair develops in the embryo, but disappears before the larval stage.
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- The larva of Carios jerseyi, a fossil tick (Parasitiformes) with only 3 pairs of legs. Having a larva with only 3 pairs of legs is considered characteristic for all mites.
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- The larva of Diplothyrus lecorrei (Parasitiformes: Holothyrida). This larva is unusual because it actually retains (highly reduced) legs IV
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- Unidentified podapolipid female. Podapolipidae (Acariformes) are insect parasites. The number of legs in females in this family goes from 4 pairs to none at all. But …
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- … the males of podapolipid mites retain at least 3 pairs of legs, as in this Podapolipus berlesei (Acariformes)
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- Eriophyoidea, such as this Aceria anthocoptes (LT-SEM image; courtesy USDA-SEL) never have more than 2 pairs of legs, making them functionally tetrapods, just like lizards and mammals
And of course legs can get highly modified for various (known or unknown) purposes
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- Sometimes the modifications are minor, like the simplified legs IV in this phoretic nymph of Chaetodactylus (Acariformes: Astigmata)
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- A female of Podocinum pacificum (Parasitiformes), an example of using legs I as antennae, not as legs
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- Radfordia sp. (Acariformes: Myobiidae). In this group legs I (arrow) are modified to hold onto the hair of their hosts, small mammals
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- Dentocarpus taphozous (Acariformes: Chirodiscidae) hold on by clasping a hair of their bat hosts between legs I and II (arrows)
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- A male Pergamasus aequicornis (Parasitiformes, Parasitidae). In these mites males grasp females with legs II during mating. The pattern of spines on legs II is often species specific.
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- A male Edentalges quadrilobatus (Astigmata, Psoroptidae) from a giant ant eater. In this group males hold females using modified legs III.
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- Eatoniana plumipes (Parasitengona). Legs IV resemble pipe cleaners, function ????
About the Author: Dr. Hans Klompen is Professor in the Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology & Director of the Ohio State University Acarology Collection.
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This was a fascinating read! Mites truly challenge the typical classifications of arachnids with their diverse leg adaptations. Just like nature’s complexity, reciting Surah Yaseen brings deep reflection and insight into creation.
Mites show incredible diversity when it comes to leg count and function, defying the typical arachnid classification. While most mites have 4 pairs of legs, there are fascinating exceptions, like parasitengone mites with only 3 pairs or eriophyoid mites with just 2. Additionally, some mite species exhibit highly modified legs, such as those used for antennae or for gripping onto their hosts, showcasing the unique adaptability of these tiny creatures. This diversity in nature reminds me of the principles in The 48 Laws of Power PDF, where adaptability and understanding the ‘rules’ (or in some cases, breaking them) can give one an advantage in any environment. Just as mites evolve to thrive in specific niches, those who master power dynamics know when to bend or redefine the rules to achieve their goals.
Fascinating how mites continue to challenge our basic biological classifications! It really shows how nature often resists neat categorization. Just when you think you understand the rules, creatures like mites remind us that evolution can make exceptions. Learning about these anomalies makes the study of arthropods even more intriguing.
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