Similarities and Differences

I grew up in Centerville, Ohio, a suburb of Dayton. The basic structure of this town differs drastically from the structure of Berlin. Centerville is much smaller and more compact than Berlin. This means that it only takes fifteen minutes to get from one side of town to the other. While here in Berlin, I have realized getting from one side of the city to the other takes much longer than fifteen minutes. Another major difference between the suburb in which I grew up in and Berlin is the use of public transportation. A few buses ran through Centerville on the way to Dayton, though I never needed to use them. The major mode of transportation is car with the exception of some people biking or walking. In Berlin there is a much greater emphasis on public transportation. The use of the U-Bahn, S-Bahn, and the bus system are highly efficient and makes getting around much faster.

Another major difference between my hometown and Berlin is the attitudes present in the locals. People in my hometown were typical “Midwesterners” meaning they were very friendly, instinctively helpful and unusually patient. When you go into stores the workers ask immediately if you need any help finding something, which is not the greeting I have received in stores in Berlin. Ohioans seem happy that you have come into their store or restaurant, whereas some workers here do not seem appreciative of your business. In addition, I have noticed that I feel rushed when I’m ordering food. Cashiers in America do not care if you are ready to order with exact change in your hand. I think many of these attitudes can be attributed to the fact that Berlin is a bustling city versus the slower pace of a suburb in the Midwest.

One difference that has affected me during my stay here is the hours of restaurants, museums, and stores. I remember arriving the first day on a Sunday and thinking that Berlin was very quiet and empty. This initial reaction was a result of seeing no open stores and not many open restaurants. Even on days that are not holidays or Sunday, many places of business in Berlin close early. I have also had to adjust to many museums being closed on Mondays. The shorter workday is also strikingly different than in my hometown, where you could go to many different 24-hour stores and fast food restaurants.

The diversity of cultures is one major similarity between Berlin and Ohio that I was pleasantly surprised by. I knew that Berlin had a lot of immigrants living in the city but I did not expect to see it so clearly on Berlin’s streets. Walking around the different neighborhoods can give you a glimpse of people from many different cultures. From the way people dress to the languages they speak, the variety of cultures is sensibly apparent. It even seems easier to get an Italian meal here than a typical German one. In my hometown we also have a large population of people from other cultures. My classes were diversified by students from Indian, Columbian, and Greek families, to name a few. This led to a diversity of ideas, foods and religions intermixing in our town; similar to the effects that immigration has had on Berlin.

During the month that I have spent here I have come to notice the various differences and similarities between Ohio and Berlin. I learned more about where I came from by seeing a place that often contrasted it starkly. I also learned about the ways that Berlin is becoming more global and I have thoroughly enjoyed getting to witness it for a month.

Similarities and Differences

I grew up in Centerville, Ohio, a suburb of Dayton. The basic structure of this town differs drastically from the structure of Berlin. Centerville is much smaller and more compact than Berlin. This means that it only takes fifteen minutes to get from one side of town to the other. While here in Berlin, I have realized getting from one side of the city to the other takes much longer than fifteen minutes. Another major difference between the suburb in which I grew up in and Berlin is the use of public transportation. A few buses ran through Centerville on the way to Dayton, though I never needed to use them. The major mode of transportation is car with the exception of some people biking or walking. In Berlin there is a much greater emphasis on public transportation. The use of the U-Bahn, S-Bahn, and the bus system are highly efficient and makes getting around much faster.

Another major difference between my hometown and Berlin is the attitudes present in the locals. People in my hometown were typical “Midwesterners” meaning they were very friendly, instinctively helpful and unusually patient. When you go into stores the workers ask immediately if you need any help finding something, which is not the greeting I have received in stores in Berlin. Ohioans seem happy that you have come into their store or restaurant, whereas some workers here do not seem appreciative of your business. In addition, I have noticed that I feel rushed when I’m ordering food. Cashiers in America do not care if you are ready to order with exact change in your hand. I think many of these attitudes can be attributed to the fact that Berlin is a bustling city versus the slower pace of a suburb in the Midwest.

One difference that has affected me during my stay here is the hours of restaurants, museums, and stores. I remember arriving the first day on a Sunday and thinking that Berlin was very quiet and empty. This initial reaction was a result of seeing no open stores and not many open restaurants. Even on days that are not holidays or Sunday, many places of business in Berlin close early. I have also had to adjust to many museums being closed on Mondays completely. The shorter workday is also strikingly different than in my hometown, where you could go to many different 24-hour stores and fast food restaurants.

The diversity of cultures is one major similarity between Berlin and Ohio that I was pleasantly surprised by. I knew that Berlin had a lot of immigrants living in the city but I did not expect to see it so clearly on Berlin’s streets. Walking around the different neighborhoods can give you a glimpse of people from many different cultures. From the way people dress to the languages they speak, the variety of cultures is sensibly apparent. It even seems easier to get an Italian meal here than a typical German one. In my hometown we also have a large population of people from other cultures. My classes were diversified by students from Indian, Columbian, and Greek families, to name a few. This led to a diversity of ideas, foods and religions intermixing in our town; similar to the effects that immigration has had on Berlin.

During the month that I have spent here I have come to notice the various differences and similarities between Ohio and Berlin. I learned more about where I came from by seeing a place that often contrasted it starkly. I also learned about the ways that Berlin is becoming more global and I have thoroughly enjoyed getting to witness it for a month.

Yva’s Achievements and Influence

Yva is known today as an influential fashion and avant-garde photographer. One of the most impressive things about Yva is her rapid rise to success. She graduated from the Lette School and had a short internship in a movie theatre in her early twenties. In 1925, she began working with Heinz Hajek-Halke. Their relationship ended when Heinz sued her over the rights to her self-portrait. He lost the case and she left his studio. Though things did not end well between her and Heinz, she was able to take away knowledge about experimenting with lights while photographing. This knowledge is demonstrated in photographs she completed on her own. In 1926, she established her own studio, Studio Yva, and by 1927 she had her first solo exhibition in Galerie Neumann-Nierendorf. Her brother, Ernst Neuländer, was a co-owner of Kuhen, a famous fashion salon in Berlin. Yva was able to establish herself in the Berlin fashion world with his help and connections.

“Women’s Legs”

By 1927, she had her big breakthrough. Ten of her photographs were published in Die Dame, a popular women’s fashion magazine. She then became a regular contributor to this magazine. Beginning in 1929, her photographic stories were shown in the magazine, Der Uhu. This was a popular general interest magazine that was known for its professionalism and originality. Her work in these magazines ranged from fashion photography to advertisements. Five of Yva’s photos were displayed in the Film und Foto exhibition in 1929. This exhibition in Stuttgart featured prominent modern filmmakers and photographers from around the world. The exhibition was also displayed in Berlin. She was also featured in the 1930 Munich exhibition, Das Lichtbild. Not only did she influence photography in Germany, but she also influenced those around the world. Her work appeared in exhibitions such as London’s The Modern Spirit in Photography and Paris’ La beauté de la femme.

Film und Foto Exhibition

Her success grew as her work appeared in more magazines. Through the late 1920s and 1930s Yva’s work was published in Blatt der Hausfrau, Elegante Welt, Konfektionär, and Neue Linie. These were the important fashion magazines of the time. Her works often juxtaposed the more practical nature of fashion, and its seductive appeal. During the time of the Weimar Republic, advertising focused on a fetishized image of women. However, Yva’s works shifted away from this notion. Yva also achieved recognition in photography magazines such as Gebrauchsgraphik, Gebrauchsphotographie, Photographik, Das deutsche Lichtbild Jahrbuch, and Der deutsche Kamera-Almanach. Yva was even reviewed by Hans Böhm in Der Photofreund. She published 150 photographs in the Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung. Yva was well known by the readers of the intellectual magazine Der Querschnitt. Due to her heavy presence in various magazines, Yva was a recognized by Berliners. She heavily contributed to the rise of modernism. Her influence in magazines made modernism much more apparent to the public.

Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung

Unfortunately, the rise of the Nazi regime prevented her career from continuing. Using her artist name could only protect her for so long. The Nazis discovered that the woman behind Yva, Else Neuländer-Simon, was Jewish. Yva and her husband crated up much of her works and what they owned. After they were deported, many of the works and items were destroyed or lost. Despite this, she still had a major achievement that allowed her legacy to continue. It was her intern, Helmut Newton, who became a valuable assistant to her from 1936-1938. He was also born into a Jewish family in Berlin. Unlike Yva, Helmut was able to leave Germany before being sent to a concentration camp. Helmut went on to become a famous fashion photographer for VogueHarper’s Bazaar and Playboy. Helmut has paid tribute to Yva’s influence on him through various interviews and articles. However, his photographs are highly sexual, whereas hers are not. Her photographs manage to be successful at attracting attention without overtly degrading her subjects. She accomplishes a striking balance between experimenting and advertising.

“Study of hands”

Yva’s first studio was located in Klingelhöferstraße 17 just south of the Tiergarten. In 2011, a small portion of the sidewalk near the Tiergarten was named “Yva-Bogen” after her. She moved into a larger studio in 1930. It was located on Bleibtreustraße a block away from the Savingyplatz S-bahn station today. Her last studio and home is located in Schlüterstraße 45 in Charlottenburg, Berlin. She lived and worked on the fourth and fifth floors. Many of her photographs were taken on the staircase between the floors. This last studio and home was converted into the Hotel Bogota. A small exhibition of her work was there on the fourth floor of the hotel, which has recently closed. A plaque outside of the building commemorates her life and death. Some of Yva’s photographs are still in the Museum of Modern Art in the Berlin Gallery. The Jewish Historical Museum also houses several of her photographs today. Although her career was short, Yva’s influence on photography can still be felt today.

Plaque from Jewish Historical Museum

http://www.academia.edu/4342769/Fashion_Photography_and_Womens_Modernity_in_Weimar_Germany_The_Case_of_Yva