Preparing the fall garden to benefit a spring garden

It is common to not really want to think about additional work at the end of a gardening season, especially one that had as many heat and water challenges as this season did, but fall is the best time to do many things in the garden that if you wait for spring, you lose your best chance.

The best things to do in Fall to prepare for Spring include:

1. Remove the old/dead/unwanted plants
2. Amend the soil
3. Make a compost pile
4. Start a new garden
5. Clean your tools
6. Plant a cover crop

Lets go over them one at a time.

1.  Removing the old/dead/unwanted plants is common sense, but I commonly see leftover plants come spring time and that can set you back when you want to plant.  Remove all plants that will not be overwintered,  pitch any that have disease or seeds or might be a problem in a compost pile(like thistle, dandelion, or bindweed)  Most diseases are fungal and produce spores.  These spores will become next years disease if left alone.  Do yourself and your plants a favor by removing them.
2. The next thing to do after you have cleared the garden is to think about what soil amendments you can add will help for next year.   Their are several things that can be added:
   • Lyme
   • Compost
   • Leaves
   • Wood Ashes
   • Fertilizer
   • Manure
     • The best way to determine what you need is by doing a soil test.  I use Spectrum Analytic.
     • CLICK HERE TO SEE HOW TO SAMPLE YOUR SOIL
     • A soil test shows what you need to add to grow what you need.  It is helpful to get accurate amounts by letting them know exactly what you are planting.  Some fertilizers are helpful to add at planting, some like Lyme need to be added in advance.
     • Soil Testing Factsheet from Ohio State Extension
     • Once your soil test results come back let me know and we will sit down and discuss them.
     • I am a huge fan of adding leaves and wood ashes in the fall.  Adding leaves and wood ashes basically adds the sum total of nutrition from an entire tree over its life of digging deep for minerals.  Leaves have 2X the minerals per pound vs. manure.
     • Fun Facts about Wood Ashes —>wood-ash-facts
3. Start a compost pile
   • Composting is easy and fun.  It happens two ways.  Hot and Cold.  Hot composting gets hot enough to kill weeds, seeds and diseases while cold composting takes longer, does not get hot, but requires much less work.
     • Penn State Master Gardening has a nice breakdown of hot vs. cold
     • It is important for the pile to be just wet enough and have enough carbons(brown things) and nitrogens(green things) to make the magic ratio of about 25 to 1.  Click Here for a list of compost item ratios –>compost-materials
     • As you can see by my pile I am a cold composter
     • 
     • Manure is a great addition to a garden or a compost pile.  The overwintering time in the soil or in a hot compost pile will speed the breakdown of any potential pathogens in the manure and it makes a great nitrogen addition to offset the carbons like leaves.   Here is a table of the C:N ratio’s of common manures –>manure-table
4. Fall is the best time to start a new garden.  That will allow you to get started planting in spring when everything is at its busiest garden wise.  Pick your spot, lay down some newspaper over your new spot or the addition to your current garden and cover with organic matter deep enough to smother anything growing on the surface.  After a winter’s worth of time, you will be able to directly plant into your new garden.  Consider adding some lyme or fertilizer based on a soil test of your new spot to make sure spring starts off on the right foot.
5. Clean your tools.  This is self-explanatory although I will be the first to admit I am horrible at this.   My hand tools are rusty and look like garbage.   They should be cleaned of dirt and lightly covered in oil to prevent rust.
   • A neat idea to do this is put old play sand and used motor oil in a five gallon bucket and push tools in and out of that.  It will clean and oil them all in one.
   • This chore includes running the gas out of mowers and tillers.   Those cost money and even I remember to do that on occasion.
6. Plant a Cover Crop   Regular readers of this website will know I love cover crops and use them in multiple applications.  A cover crop can do many things for you like suppress weeds, add biomatter, dig through hardpan and increase fertility.  You can pick your crop based on what you need.
   • Looking for a summer cover crop to smother weeds, provide pollinator habitat and add biomass?  Try Buckwheat:
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     Buckwheat cover crop at the Logan Community Garden

     Looking to drill through hardpan, smother weeds and increase fertility by increasing organic matter?  Try Sorghum X Sudangrass:

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     Sorghum X Sudangrass at Wallace Community Garden

     Want to prevent erosion, add biomass, add fertility through nitrogen fixing and keep your ground working for you over the winter?  Try rye, vetch and crimson clover as a blend:

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A great place to read about cover crops is from SARE, Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education.  They have a Learning Center Online with great information and free publications.

Try to spend some time this fall working on making your garden better for next year.  In spring time when you want to get planting you will be happy to have a new garden with great soil, some compost to add, and clean tools.   That way you can start planting right away.

SUPER FUN BONUS SECTION: Want to make an easy cheap compost pile you can move anywhere?